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This paper is an expanded and somewhat more elaborated version of an earlier study in which I tried to give a general overview on the word-usage concerning the passion of Jesus Christ in the early Christian creeds. The purpose of this short paper is in part to give a comparative presentation of the sufferings of Lord Jesus Christ in the Western Creeds, and in part I also try to define the role of mentioning the name of Pontius Pilatus in them.

Paul Tillich újraértelmezte a kereszténységet a korreláció módszerének megfelelően. Fel kell tennünk a kérdést, hogy ezzel a gigantikus vállalkozással valóban sikerült-e megőrizni a kereszténységet eredeti formájában. Megpróbálom bebizonyítani, hogy a hagyományos és a Tillichi teológia között jelentős eltérés tapasztalható, különösen a történeti Jézus kérdésével, az ontológiai fogalmak és az "inkarnáció" használatával kapcsolatban.

Paul Tillich szótériológiájában az egyik döntő elem a helyettesítés tagadása, amelynek számos fontos következménye van teológiájában. Először is, Krisztus mint Isten és ember közötti közbenjáró nem olyan „harmadik valóság”, amelyre mind Istennek, mind az embernek szüksége lenne a kijelentés és a megbékélés elérése céljából.15 Elutasítja Anselmus objektív típusú, a Cur Deus homo? című munkájában kifejtett megbékéléstanát, ugyanis véleménye szerint azt a középkori jogfelfogás és a bűn mennyiségi szemlélete terheli meg.

In this short paper I would like to provide a comparative analysis of the passages concerning the passion of the Lord Jesus Christ of the Early Christian confessions (among them the Apostolic Creed1 as well), because these passages are frequently the source of theological misunderstanding and debates. The main question which urged me to do this research had occurred in relation with the Apostolic Creed. How do we say correctly: ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’ or ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered, under Pontius Pilate He was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’? I shall try to answer this question by analysing the relevant passages of the creeds which were composed in the first six centuries.

Psalm-singing in the Community of Therapeutae Based on De vita contemplativa by Philo of Alexandria. The Therapeutae’s ascetic devotion is characterized not only by searching the scriptures, meditation and prayer but also by singing of hymns and psalms. Hymns were composed by the principals of the community, they were those who taught the community members to sing them and they continually enriched the hymnal with new ones. The Essenes’ and Therapeutae’s psalm-singing indicates first of all the common Old Testament origin. However these religious communities had different self-identity from that of the normative Jews and this identity required for a special psalm-poetry to be accomplished. The Therapeutae’s psalms remind us of the church psalm-tradition characterized, just like the Essene hymns, by responsive singing and refrains.