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This paper is an expanded and somewhat more elaborated version of an earlier study in which I tried to give a general overview on the word-usage concerning the passion of Jesus Christ in the early Christian creeds. The purpose of this short paper is in part to give a comparative presentation of the sufferings of Lord Jesus Christ in the Western Creeds, and in part I also try to define the role of mentioning the name of Pontius Pilatus in them.

According to Gen 1, the “classical” story of the origin of humanity, God began and finished the creation of man on the sixth day. In this view, creation is a one-time divine act dated to the dawn of history. Psalm 139,13-16 provides an alternative concept regarding human origins. The ideas permeating this Psalm are less widespread in the Bible, and they were far less influential for later theological works than the classical biblical accounts of creation. Nonetheless, these anthropological notions appear to be firmly rooted in folk religion. Making lavish use of motifs familiar from ancient Near Eastern mythological texts, the poem considers that a divine act of creation is performed in the process of birth of every individual. In contrast to the historicising interpretations of Gen 1-2, this text emphasises the personal character of creation. The present study examines the philological problems in Ps 139,13-16, as well as the Near Eastern background of its language.

Az egyházi hagyomány szerint Énók az első próféták közé tartozott. Neve két helyen szerepel Mózes első könyvében. Az 1Móz 4,17– 18-ban úgy olvashatunk róla, mint aki Káin fia: És Kain a feleségével hált, aki terhes lett, és megszülte Énókot. Majd várost épített Kain, és a fia nevéről Énóknak nevezte el. Énóknak született Írád, Írád nemzette Mehújáélt, Mehújáél nemzette Metúsáélt, és Metúsáél nemzette Lámeket. Az 1Móz 5,18–24 pedig Jered fiaként említi: Jered százhatvankét éves volt, amikor Énókot nemzette. Énók születése után Jered nyolcszáz évig élt, és még nemzett fiakat és leányokat. Jered teljes életkora tehát kilencszázhatvankét év volt, amikor meghalt. Énók hatvanöt éves volt, amikor Metúselahot nemzette. Énók az Istennel járt; Metúselah születése után háromszáz évig élt, és még nemzett fiakat és leányokat. Énók teljes életkora tehát háromszázhatvanöt év volt. Énók az Istennel járt, és egyszer csak eltűnt, mert magához vette őt Isten.

In this short paper I would like to provide a comparative analysis of the passages concerning the passion of the Lord Jesus Christ of the Early Christian confessions (among them the Apostolic Creed1 as well), because these passages are frequently the source of theological misunderstanding and debates. The main question which urged me to do this research had occurred in relation with the Apostolic Creed. How do we say correctly: ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’ or ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered, under Pontius Pilate He was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’? I shall try to answer this question by analysing the relevant passages of the creeds which were composed in the first six centuries.