Repository index

Scout Movement in Transylvania. This study is a presentation about the history of the scout movement in Transylvania. The Hungarian scout movement in Transylvania started in 1911. After that many Hungarian scout team was founded. After 1914, when Transylvania became a part of Romania the Hungarian scout teams joined the Romanian scout association, which was founded in 1914. Between the two world wars the Romanian scout association was under the direct influence of the state. After 1940, when a part of Transylvania was connected to Hungary again, the Hungarian scout movement in Transylvania has also revived. The scout started many kind of good projects. They became a useful part of the society. The centre of the scout movement by that time was Kolozsvár.

Psalm-singing in the Community of Therapeutae Based on De vita contemplativa by Philo of Alexandria. The Therapeutae’s ascetic devotion is characterized not only by searching the scriptures, meditation and prayer but also by singing of hymns and psalms. Hymns were composed by the principals of the community, they were those who taught the community members to sing them and they continually enriched the hymnal with new ones. The Essenes’ and Therapeutae’s psalm-singing indicates first of all the common Old Testament origin. However these religious communities had different self-identity from that of the normative Jews and this identity required for a special psalm-poetry to be accomplished. The Therapeutae’s psalms remind us of the church psalm-tradition characterized, just like the Essene hymns, by responsive singing and refrains.