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A rabbinikus és a korai keresztény iratok párhuzamosságait többnyire megmagyarázhatjuk a közös gyökereikkel és a közös ellenséggel. Van azonban egy olyan terület, amellyel kapcsolatban a Szentírás semmiféle iránymutatással nem szolgál, ez pedig a látványosságok kérdése, ennek ellenére ugyanazt a bibliai helyet (Zsolt 1,1) használják, amikor a pogány látványosságok ellen érvelnek. Ez lehet egy intenzív eszmecsere eredménye, de visszavezethető egy közös, szóban hagyományozott forrásra is.

This article argues that Isa 29,15-24 is composed of five coherent segments. The early Isaianic word, 29,15+21, was reinterpreted in a new way by an exilic author in 29,16-17+20. The presupposed blindness of Yhwh serving as a motivation for an ungodly life by those addressed in 29,15, is reconsidered as the ideology of desperate people who deem the blindness of Yhwh explains the present desolate condition of Jerusalem. The former injustice in Isaiah's society (29,21) is reinterpreted as the injustice of the foreign tyrant against the people of Yhwh. Isa 29,18+24 (the blindness of the people) and 29,19+23d-e (the oppressed Yhwh-fearing people) elaborate on the same theme in a larger context and presuppose a similar situation and author as implied by 29,16-17+21, probably to be identified with Deutero-Isaiah.

Az ókori Rómában már a köztársaság idején voltak hagyományai a napkultusznak, bár ezek az ősrégi hagyományok akkor még távolról sem tűntek meghatározóknak. A köztársaság korát a vallási pluralizmus jellemezte, amelynek mibenlétére kiválóan világít rá Karen Armstrong: „Annyi misztérium kultuszához csatlakozhattál, ahányhoz akartál, feltéve, ha ezek nem kísérelték meg veszélyeztetni az ősi isteneket.”

It is often argued that the sixteenth-century Reformation initiated a chain of events that ultimately led not only to religious pluralism within the body of the Western Christian Church, but also to the rise and dispersion of mutual acceptance among various religious groups. The fact, however, that these two things (i.e. religious pluralism and tolerance) did not emerge directly and immediately (almost as a matter of course) from the Reformation itself, is similarly undeniable. As we shall see below, we have sufficient evidence to claim that although the Reformers – including John Calvin, Theodore Beza and others, with whom this paper is partly concerned – at some point in their lives (mostly in their youth) advocated and invocated the cultivation of the spirit of tolerance, most of them refrained from upholding such positions once their situation as leaders within a newly emerged (both religious and political) community or realm became established.