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A vallás nem megoldás. A vallás a probléma maga! – hangzik korunk vallás-kritikájának tenorja, amely világunk, s benne életünk, szabadságunk és békességünk veszélyeztetettségét és fenyegetettségét a fundamentalista vallási meggyőződés számlájára írja. Valóban, egyrészt nem kevés azon megnyilvánulások száma, amelyekben félelem tükröződik a vallásokkal, különösen az iszlám fundamentalizmussal szemben, amely egy isteni vagy vallási tekintély nevében abszolút engedelmességet és alávetettséget követel, s ennek eléréséhez az erőszak alkalmazásától sem riad vissza. De már az újkori vallási fundamentalizmus előtt is közkedvelt narratíva volt, hogy a vallás és politika szimbiózisa, illetve a reformáció által kiváltott konfesszionális ellentétek és brutális vallásháborúk csak pusztulást és romokat hagytak maguk után az öreg kontinens társadalmaiban.

This article argues that Isaiah's so-called ‘refrain poem’ (Kehrvergedicht) in Isa. 9.7–20 is a composite text, going back to two early prophecies with different concerns. Isaiah 9.7–17* focused originally on the arrogant refusal of the divine word, while Isa. 9.18–20* reflected on the chaotic social circumstances in Samaria in the eighth century. The refrains in vv. 9,11cd, 16ef and 20cd were added to these two already connected prophecies at a later stage. The theological summary in v. 12 is yet another addition, closely affiliated with 5.24–25. Unlike v. 12, the refrains do not have the repentance of Israel in view, nor its final destruction, but the fall of Assyria in Isa. 10.5–15, 24–27. The refrains support the theory that the Isaianic collection was formed by means of reusing, restructuring and reinterpreting earlier material. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309089216690385

In studies on the composition of prophetic literature, the larger textual layers reinterpreting earlier texts, the so-called Fortschreibungen, received much attention. It is well-known that beside these larger literary elaborations prophetic books also contain shorter explanatory interpolations, often called glosses, which intend to clarify a particular imagery of the prophecy (e.g., Isa 9:14). A systematic reading of these short annotations has been neglected, however, in studying the formation of prophetic books. The present article reconsiders the Isaiah-Memoir from this perspective. It identifies editorial interpolations in three distinct pericopes, Isa 8:2, 8:6-7a and 8:23b. It is argued here that the identification of such explanatory additions is the key to understanding notorious textual complexities. Moreover, it points out that these interpolations tend to expose recognisable patterns and common hermeneutical principles.

A honfoglalás ezeredik évében, mi is hozzá kívánunk járulni a nemzeti millennárium teljességéhez, a gondjainkra bízott tanintézetek múltjának és jelenének ismertetése által.

It is often argued that the sixteenth-century Reformation initiated a chain of events that ultimately led not only to religious pluralism within the body of the Western Christian Church, but also to the rise and dispersion of mutual acceptance among various religious groups. The fact, however, that these two things (i.e. religious pluralism and tolerance) did not emerge directly and immediately (almost as a matter of course) from the Reformation itself, is similarly undeniable. As we shall see below, we have sufficient evidence to claim that although the Reformers – including John Calvin, Theodore Beza and others, with whom this paper is partly concerned – at some point in their lives (mostly in their youth) advocated and invocated the cultivation of the spirit of tolerance, most of them refrained from upholding such positions once their situation as leaders within a newly emerged (both religious and political) community or realm became established.