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PublicationKató Szabolcs Ferencz2020Pages: 543--550

Az ugariti szövegek 1928-as felfedezése hatalmas szenzáció volt az 20. század első felében. Nemcsak egy nyugat-sémi kultúra írásos, szellemi örökségét fedezték fel Rasz Samra törmelékei alatt, hanem a vallásos szövegek istennevei a legnagyobb mértékig megegyeztek az ÓSZ-ben Jhwh mellett olvasható istennevekkel. Az ÓSZ-ből ismert „kánaáni” istenek, hirtelen megelevenedtek mítoszok, eposzok, rituálék és más kultikus szövegek ékírásos agyagtábláin. Nem maradhatott el a tudományos ováció, amely röviddel a felfedezés után Mezopotámia helyett Ugarit felé fordította figyelmét. Ebben az időben olyan munkák születtek, amelyek nagyon sokszor az ószövetségi igehelyeket ugariti idézetekkel magyarázták, ugariti szövegek kontextusába helyezték azokat. Ilyen volt pl. a háromkötetes Ras Shamra Parallels, Kuhnigk Nordwestsemitische Studien zum Hoseabuch című könyve, vagy éppen Dahood zsoltárkommentárja a The Anchor Bible sorozatban. Az ellenállás sem maradhatott el.

PublicationBalogh Csaba2018423Pages: 363--390

This article argues that Isaiah's so-called ‘refrain poem’ (Kehrvergedicht) in Isa. 9.7–20 is a composite text, going back to two early prophecies with different concerns. Isaiah 9.7–17* focused originally on the arrogant refusal of the divine word, while Isa. 9.18–20* reflected on the chaotic social circumstances in Samaria in the eighth century. The refrains in vv. 9,11cd, 16ef and 20cd were added to these two already connected prophecies at a later stage. The theological summary in v. 12 is yet another addition, closely affiliated with 5.24–25. Unlike v. 12, the refrains do not have the repentance of Israel in view, nor its final destruction, but the fall of Assyria in Isa. 10.5–15, 24–27. The refrains support the theory that the Isaianic collection was formed by means of reusing, restructuring and reinterpreting earlier material. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309089216690385

PublicationBalogh Csaba2014644Pages: 519--538

In studies on the composition of prophetic literature, the larger textual layers reinterpreting earlier texts, the so-called Fortschreibungen, received much attention. It is well-known that beside these larger literary elaborations prophetic books also contain shorter explanatory interpolations, often called glosses, which intend to clarify a particular imagery of the prophecy (e.g., Isa 9:14). A systematic reading of these short annotations has been neglected, however, in studying the formation of prophetic books. The present article reconsiders the Isaiah-Memoir from this perspective. It identifies editorial interpolations in three distinct pericopes, Isa 8:2, 8:6-7a and 8:23b. It is argued here that the identification of such explanatory additions is the key to understanding notorious textual complexities. Moreover, it points out that these interpolations tend to expose recognisable patterns and common hermeneutical principles.