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Reinhold Niebuhr realizmusának egyik táptalaja az a valóság volt, amelyet Detroit társadalmában tapasztalt meg. A szegénység, a társadalmi problémák, a kizsákmányolás szöges ellentétben álltak azzal a derűlátó szemlélettel, amelyet az általa is olvasott liberális teológia tanított az ember állapotáról és a társadalomban rejlő lehetőségekről. A Detroitban töltött időszak radikálisan realistává tette etikai szemléletét is.

It is often argued that the sixteenth-century Reformation initiated a chain of events that ultimately led not only to religious pluralism within the body of the Western Christian Church, but also to the rise and dispersion of mutual acceptance among various religious groups. The fact, however, that these two things (i.e. religious pluralism and tolerance) did not emerge directly and immediately (almost as a matter of course) from the Reformation itself, is similarly undeniable. As we shall see below, we have sufficient evidence to claim that although the Reformers – including John Calvin, Theodore Beza and others, with whom this paper is partly concerned – at some point in their lives (mostly in their youth) advocated and invocated the cultivation of the spirit of tolerance, most of them refrained from upholding such positions once their situation as leaders within a newly emerged (both religious and political) community or realm became established.