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Examining Some Ethical Issues in the Context of War -- One of the main questions of this paper is whether the arguments in defence of war can be coupled with equal concern for the laws of war. While a permissive reading of the classical, theological just war tradition draws a number of conclu-sions that can be debated, this essay has attempted to draw attention to the fact that Augustine's questions of disordered political commitments (loves) are insep-arable from the more familiar questions of “right reason”, “right power” and “right intention”. Augustine’s reading reminds us that political desires still determine not only decisions to enter into armed conflict, but also the application of the inter-national law. On the one hand, politics is a means of influencing the dominant powers, a means of spreading their values, but also a means of holding them to account. It is also the voice of the oppressed and the vulnerable.

Isa 7:14 is one of the most enigmatic texts of the Old Testament in which the traditional Christian exegesis has found the roots of the dogma of the virgin birth. It remains a question though whether this text indeed focuses on the female figure rathern than the son to be born. Following a brief survey of the recent state of research, in this article I address the question of the possible historical background of the text. Recent semantical investigations of the term עַלְמָה, often translated as ‘virgin’, show that neither עַלְמָה nor its synonym בְּתוּלָה imply any information about the eventual sexual experience of the named person. Both terms denote a young, unmarried woman. Regarding the identity of this woman there are four main theories: 1. the woman and his son are late eschatological figures conveying messianic messages; 2. the woman is the daughter of Zion and Immanuel is the people of Jerusalem. 3.