Repozitórium index

A kötetben közzétett 10 exegetikai tanulmány mindegyike az Igazság és Élet című lelkipásztori szakfolyóiratban jelent meg 2008–2024 között. Tartalmukat tekintve a szövegek az említett folyóirat szerkezeti alapegységeit követik: exegetikai megértés, teológiai összefüggések feltárása, prédikációvázlat, példák és szemelvények, szempontok az istentisztelet alakításához, illetve bibliográfiai hivatkozások. A szövegek a folyóiratban eredetileg megjelent formájukban, a textusok kanonikus sorrendje szerint kerülnek itt közlésre.

Through an exploration of the editions of the hymnal published in 1924 by Márton Pálffi, this study provides insight into the reverence for tradition surrounding the hymnal, as well as the arduous but unsuccessful efforts made by those aiming to rejuvenate it. Politics often encroached upon the life of the Church, evident in the evolution of the hymnal. The changes of political power and country borders, as well as the imposition of communist censorship, have also significantly influenced the Unitarian hymnal. Despite all efforts, errors persisted in editions published post-1989. This research endeavours to trace these changes across a century of history.

Do Christians need to be socialists? Karl Barth and socialism. In this article, the author deals with a “shadow side” of the life and work of Karl Barth. From the perspective of many Eastern and Central European people who have experienced “real” socialism, the right to ask the question posed in the title is evident. It examines under what influences Karl Barth’s inclination towards social democracy and socialism arose. Three circumstances are mentioned: 1. The traditional Swiss solidarity and social sensitivity for the cause of the weak and oppressed. Karl Barth received this sensitivity, so to speak, in his parents’ house. 2. The three theologians of “religious socialism” (Christoph Blumhardt, Hermann Kutter, and Leonhard Ragaz) had a great influence on Barth. 3.

“The one who believes in him will not be put to shame”. Reinterpreting Isaiah 28:16 in Romans 9:33 and 1Peter 2:6. This study delves into the meaning of Isaiah 28:16, examining its original context and subsequent interpretation in the New Testament, with a particular emphasis on the stone metaphor. The first part scrutinises text-critical and semantic issues, considering the Masoretic Texts alongside variant non-Masoretic readings. The latter section assesses the incorporation of the Isaianic text within two New Testament excerpts. This process is mediated through the Septuagint, specifically, a revised edition thereof. The study posits that the New Testament authors, with their different contextualisations, did not seek to innovate but rather aimed to integrate their approaches into an established hermeneutical lineage, commencing with Isaiah’s earlier interpreters.

Ma már senki sem olvas könyvet. Hát még egy 900 oldalas dogmatikát? (Nemrég egy angol nyelvből lefordított ezeroldalas regényt olvastam. Több mint három hónapig tartott az elolvasása, pedig rendkívül érdekfeszítő volt.) Mielőtt túl gyorsan nemet mondunk erre a kérdésre, szögezzük le azt a tényt, hogy ezt a könyvet – bár még a kezünkbe sem került – már legalább kilenc ember ismeri, forgatta: négy erdélyi református lelkipásztor fordította, két másik határon túli lelkipásztor-tanár ellenőrizte, egy hetedik ember lektorálta, Visky Béla részletes előszót írt hozzá, és végül szerénységem kapta azt a feladatot, hogy itt most ismertesse. Tehát kilencen már olvastuk, és biztosan lesz még – nem kilenc, hanem kilencven, majd kilencszáz – további ember, aki olvasni fogja.

„Minél jobban érzi magát valamely földi egyház a világban, annál nagyobb a veszedelem, amely fenyegeti, mert ez azt jelenti, hogy elszakadóban van láthatatlan életfeltételeitől, láthatatlan alapjától. Az önmagában álló és az önmagában élő egyház hamarosan a hitnek és az evangéliumnak álpótlékává válik és hamarosan oda húzódik a polgári jóllét közelébe s a Kijelentéstől elszakadva. Szociális, vagy nemzeti hasznossági egyletté válik. Mindezekből egészen világos, hogy bármely látható egyház a láthatatlan egyház nélkül lehet nagyszerű szervezet, de nem egyház. [...] Amelyik egyház földi hatalommal és eszközökkel, emberi találékonysággal és megalkuvásokkal az Új-Jeruzsálemet, Isten országát megvalósíthatónak véli, annak az egyháznak nincs szüksége az isteni kegyelemre, vagy ha igen, akkor azt egyszer s mindenkorra birtokba vette és emberi-papi adminisztráció alatt tartja.

Acest scurt studiu aduce în atenție evoluția predării și practicii muzicale în cadrul colegiului unitarian din Cluj în perioada secolelor XVI–XIX. De la interdicția instrumentelor muzicale și a cântatului indecent la permisiunea treptată a practicii muzicale în incinta colegiului și introducerea predării muzicii, evoluția reflectă schimbările sociale și culturale din acele vremuri. Muzica a devenit, în cele din urmă, o parte acceptată și chiar integrată în viața colegiului, marcând o tranziție importantă în percepția și practica muzicală în colegiul unitarian din Cluj și comunitatea unitariană din Transilvania.

Habacuc 2:4 este un text de o importanță majoră pentru teologia apostolului Pavel. Avem de-a face însă cu un text extrem de dificil (o constatare valabilă de altfel pentru întreaga carte a profetului Habacuc), iar traducerile – sau mai degrabă parafrazele – din edițiile de Biblie sau comentarii reprezintă doar variații interpretative ale textului ebraic. Acest studiu este dedicat impactului și interpretării lui Habacuc 2:4b, în special a conceptului credinței, pentru literatura teologică din epoca Reformei.

Titlul acestui volum de studii, Despre lucruri prea minunate, își are originea în ultimul discurs al lui Iov cu Dumnezeu în Iov 42:1–6. În străduința sa de a înțelege cauzalitatea evenimentelor și raționalitatea lucrurilor dincolo de o viață pusă la o grea încercare, Iov își vede dorința sa ultimă de a se întâlni cu Creatorul împlinită. Cu toate acestea, nici măcar această întâlnire supremă nu pare să îl ajute să dezvăluie complexa rețea a existențialității umane. Această întâlnire cu Creatorul îl conduce totuși la o descoperire fundamentală, și anume a limitelor cunoașterii umane, rezumată succint prin următoarea concluzie: „am vorbit fără să înțeleg despre lucruri prea minunate pentru mine și nu știam” (Iov 42:3).

Autorii acestui volum sunt cadre didactice și cercetători la Institutul Teologic Protestant din Cluj-Napoca. Chiar dacă studiile lor nu prezintă o coerență din punct de vedere tematic, tradiția protestantă a autorilor conferă volumului o coeziune internă. Spiritul profetic al protestantismului implică o redescoperire continuă a revelației, o reevaluare necontenită a tradiției interpretative, dar și o introspecție neîncetată a omului conștient de fragilitatea cunoașterii sale. Sperăm că acest cadru oferă volumului curent o armonie internă care, în ciuda discrepanțelor tematice, va fi observată și apreciată și de către cititor. Cele mai multe articole prezentate aici reprezintă traduceri adaptate ale unor versiuni publicate anterior în limba maghiară sau într-o altă limbă. Scopul nostru este să deschidem încă o cale de dialog spre cei care, asemenea lui Iov, încearcă să dezlege lucrurile prea minunate ale lui Dumnezeu, în limba română.

Elhangzott 2023. február 16-án a Magyar Unitárius Egyház kolozsvári Vallásszabadság Házában megrendezett könyvbemutatón, ahol ft. Kovács István unitárius püspök üdvözlő szavai és az itt közölt bemutatás után dr. Bódis György igazgató-főorvos, az Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület alelnöke ismertette a könyv orvosi vonatkozásait, majd pedig a szerző beszélt a kötet keletkezéséről.

Az angyaloknál kissebbé tétetett Messiás főpapi-megváltói munkáját elvégezve méltóképpen foglalta el helyét Isten jobbján. Személyét igaz emberségét, szenvedését és egész földi életútját vizsgálva bebizonyosodott az, hogy egyedül neki van joga a kegyelem királyi székét elfoglalni. Azért lett emberré, hogy az Isten emberrel való szövetsége a maga teljes mélységében megvalósuljon. Ennek a szövetségnek a közbenjárója és kezese a Messiás. Jahve személyében és tekintélyével jött el és lett nemcsak az új szövetség mediátora, hanem áldozata is, amelyben a Jeremiás által megígért bűnök bocsánata megvalósul. A Messiás ember, főpap, közbenjáró és áldozat. Az, ami eddig csak árnyék volt, itt ragyog most teljes dicsőségében.

Francis David’s selected sermons were published by the printing press of Alba Iulia (Gyulafehérvár) in 1569. These sermons are structured in an almost identical way: biblical text, brief summary, lessons and the proper sermon. most of the sermons, which adhered very strictly to the explanation of the text, were probably preached in the court of John Sigismund, prince of Transylvania, while others at services and workshops for priests who came to the religious disputes. As modern readers, we might posit the likelihood that bishop Francis David held training courses for pastors to prepare them for propagating the antitrinitarian doctrines whenever they had the opportunity. This paper examines to what extent Francis David’s sermons can be considered miniature encyclopaedias or repositories of useful knowledge as were the sermons of the 16th century.

A lelkészi szolgálatot vállalók életének kiemelkedő eseménye a lelkésszé avatás vagy népegyházi kifejezéssel élve, a papszentelés. A protestáns egyházak szóhasználatában megmaradt ugyan a lelkész- vagy papszentelés kifejezés, de a római katolikus egyház gyakorlatával ellentétben ez nem szentség, hanem az egyház által gyakorolt szertartás, ritus ecclesiasticus. Ebben a tanulmányomban az unitárius paprendelés (ordináció) gyakorlatáról, illetve a lelkészi oklevél és eskü szövegének változásairól értekezem röviden.

A jelen írás a megszentelés bibliai, hitvallási és dogmatikai értelmezése körüli félreértéseket és az ezek nyomán kialakult téves egyházi gyakorlatot kívánja szemügyre venni. A kérdésről szóló bibliai és egyházi tanítást csak annyiban vázolja, amennyiben a benne rejlő igenből a nemek is érthetőbbé válhatnak.

Nebukadneccar egyik terjedelmesebb felirata a brisai sziklafelirat, az észak-libánoni térségből. A tanulmány ennek a feliratnak az akkád nyelven írt verzióját és annak magyar fordítását tartalmazza, bevezetővel és mindenekelőtt az Ószövetség olvasóit szem előtt tartó jegyzetanyaggal. A brisai felirat egyrészt a babiloni fogság előtti korszak története, másrészt általában a bibliai történetírás és szellemtörténet szempontjából is fontos kordokumentum. A felirat helyenként reflektál az Újbabiloni Birodalom nyugati térséggel kapcsolatos ténykedéseire és politikájára is.

Adorjáni Zoltán, a Kolozsvári Protestáns Teológiai Intézet újszövetséges professzora 2021. november 13-án töltötte a 65. életévét. A tiszteletére megjelent könyv 43 szerző tanulmányát tartalmazza. A kötet szerzői több szálon kötődnek az ünnepelthez: jelenlegi kollégák és egykori kollégák, testvérintézmények tanárai, tanítványok, barátok. Az itt megjelenített tanulmányok tartalmilag érintik a biblicum, a rendszeres teológia, a gyakorlati teológia, az egyháztörténet, a művészettörténet és művelődéstörténet területeit.

This article discusses the MT of Isa 33,12 and argues that the verse line "the nations will be burned to lime (שִׂיד)" is difficult in its context and distorts the parallelism, describing the fall of the enemy of Judah with the help of plant-imagery. Although Am 2,1 is often mentioned in connection with Isa 33,12, closer analysis shows that there are differences between the two texts. It is suggested that the LXX should be followed here, which goes back to a Hebrew text reading שָׂדַי, "field", "(agricultural) land" instead of שִׂיד, "lime". This emendation (metathesis) is most likely also supported by the independent tradition of the Targum (ניר, "field, land (to be ploughed)" < נור). The metaphor of burning field not only fits its present context well, but it has biblical parallels and it is supported by agricultural customs known from the Near East.

The Book of Habakkuk is well-known for using a very sophisticated language in terms of semantics, poetics, or rhetorical structure, causing tremendous difficulties to later interpreters, both ancient and modern. For this reason, from a diachronic perspective, textual deviations from the canonical Massoretic tradition could be mere relics of the perplexity of confused translators or scribes. This study argues, however, that there are cases where the independent, divergent textual traditions coalesce into a reading that could be considered a historically more reliable variant than the reading survived within the Massoretic Text. This appears to be the case with בגוים in Hab 1:5 and היין in Hab 2:5, for which three independent traditions presuppose a common pre-Massoretic ancient alternative reading.

This article argues that Isaiah's so-called ‘refrain poem’ (Kehrvergedicht) in Isa. 9.7–20 is a composite text, going back to two early prophecies with different concerns. Isaiah 9.7–17* focused originally on the arrogant refusal of the divine word, while Isa. 9.18–20* reflected on the chaotic social circumstances in Samaria in the eighth century. The refrains in vv. 9,11cd, 16ef and 20cd were added to these two already connected prophecies at a later stage. The theological summary in v. 12 is yet another addition, closely affiliated with 5.24–25. Unlike v. 12, the refrains do not have the repentance of Israel in view, nor its final destruction, but the fall of Assyria in Isa. 10.5–15, 24–27. The refrains support the theory that the Isaianic collection was formed by means of reusing, restructuring and reinterpreting earlier material. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309089216690385

The studies of this volume were presented originally at a Brueggemann-conference in the Protestant Theological Institute of Cluj-Napoca, Romania (April 24-25, 2012). This symposium was part of a study week organised by ministers from The Netherlands and Transylvania in Györgyfalva, near Cluj-Napoca, on the eve of the publication of the Hungarian translation of one of Brueggemann's most significant books, the Theology of the Old Testament.

This is a study of Isaiah 18-20, three chapters in the so-called Isaianic prophecies concerning the nations, Isaiah 13-23 (24-27). Beyond being located close to each other in this literary corpus, there is at least one common element that ties these three chapters together: Isaiah 18-20 deal with two neighbouring countries of the Nile, Kush and Egypt respectively. The two lands were politically closely related in the era of the prophet Isaiah, so that addressing them in proximity to each other should not be surprising in a book set in the period of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah (Isaiah 1:1). Through a detailed analysis of the three chapters I hope to contribute to a better understanding of the collection of prophecies on the nations in the book of Isaiah and, more remotely, of the wider phenomenon of prophecies concerning the nations, so prevalent in the Hebrew Bible.

This collection of studies going back to a conference held in 2015 in Jerusalem aims to show that there is a clear continuity of the Isaianic tradition beyond the era of the eighth-century prophet. In comparison to other books of the Old Testament, Isaiah has been one of exceptional influence throughout the centuries. The ten essay included here underline this statement from various perspectives, dealing with the reception history of Isaiah in different periods. Below I present a short overview of its content with several remarks appended to each study.
https://www.bookreviews.org/BookDetail.asp?TitleId=12914

Writing a commentary with one eye for critical issues and with another for interested lay readers with no knowledge of biblical languages is always a demanding task, but it becomes an almost impossible undertaking in a case such as the book of Habakkuk, insofar as most problems of this controversial small composition are closely tied to (Hebrew) textuality. Although I did occasionally have doubts regarding the accessibility of the topic and the language of exposition for the general reader, one must ultimately recognize that Oskar Dangl did attain the purpose of any serious commentary with whatever audience in view, namely, to raise interest in a close reading and more text-focused study of the difficult prophetic compositions.
https://www.bookreviews.org/bookdetail.asp?TitleId=10320