Repozitórium index

Rezumând atitudinea terapeuților față de bunăstare, putem constata că această comunitate a ridicat la un nivel atât de înalt valorile spirituale, încât a ignorat absolut tot ce aparține vieții zilnice obișnuite. Ei s-au străduit la înmulțirea bo-găției înțelepciunii (par. 16–17, 20) și a valorilor spirituale. În rândul acestei co-munități meditațiile asupra Sfintelor Scripturi, a cărților sfinte proprii, precum și asupra înțelepciunii dumnezeiești (par. 1, 28–30, 67) sunt absolut primordiale, din care rezultă retragerea din lume și disprețuirea totală a bogăției pământești.

In his 1583 ritual entitled Agendarius, which was innovative in many respects in comparison to its Hungarian predecessors, Bishop Miklós Telegdi of Pécs, the administrator of the diocese of Esztergom, added sample-like sermons to the rituals of the administration of the sacraments accompanying the great turning points of life (viz. baptism, confirmation, wedding etc.). He was presumably guided chiefly by pastoral considerations. For the second edition of 1596 (published after Telegdi’s death), the editors added a second funeral sermon, clearly intended for a more educated, urban audience – judging from the scholarly Latin quotations and the general tone. A comparison of the structure and content of the two speeches provides useful conclusions as to what the ecclesiastical authorities of the time considered advisable to preach at the time of death to mourners lacking basic schooling and what to the more learned audience.

1791 és 1793 között zajló, Endemann-perként ismert tanfegyelmi kivizsgálás az erdélyi református ortodoxia utolsó kísérlete volt a két évszázadig tartó teológiai irányzat fenntartására. A per történetével mindössze két tanulmány foglalkozott. 1973-ban Juhász István Christian Wolff és az erdélyi református teológia című tanulmányának egyik alfejezetében röviden ismertette a Zilahi Sebes János és Bodola János ellen 1791-ben indított tanfegyelmi eljárást. Juhász István úgy vélte, hogy a Zilahi és Bodola ellen indított kivizsgálás a wolffianus filozófia erdélyi térhódítását próbálta meggátolni. Kutatása nem terjedt ki a református ortodoxia vizsgálatára, de ugyanakkor rámutatott a teológiai felvilágosodás jelentőségére.

Az 1791. évi küküllővári zsinaton minden különösebb előzmény nélkül tették szóvá, hogy a nagyenyedi és a székelyudvarhelyi kollégiumban olyan tankönyvből tanítják a teológiát, amely ellenkezik az erdélyi református egyház hitvallásaival, a Heidelbergi Kátéval és a II. Helvét Hitvallással. A zsinat megállapítása alapján az eretnekség vádjával illetett tankönyv nem volt más, mint Samuel Endemann németországi református püspök 1777-ben kiadott rendszeres teológiai munkája.

Psalm-singing in the Community of Therapeutae Based on De vita contemplativa by Philo of Alexandria. The Therapeutae’s ascetic devotion is characterized not only by searching the scriptures, meditation and prayer but also by singing of hymns and psalms. Hymns were composed by the principals of the community, they were those who taught the community members to sing them and they continually enriched the hymnal with new ones. The Essenes’ and Therapeutae’s psalm-singing indicates first of all the common Old Testament origin. However these religious communities had different self-identity from that of the normative Jews and this identity required for a special psalm-poetry to be accomplished. The Therapeutae’s psalms remind us of the church psalm-tradition characterized, just like the Essene hymns, by responsive singing and refrains.