Repozitórium index

Amikor 1968-ban a feleségemmel Romániába mentünk, az első másfél évben szinte egyetlen honfitársunkkal sem találkoztunk. Csak a hetvenes évek közepén vált szokássá, hogy ha az úton németalföldi jelzésű autó jött szembe, a fényszórónkat rávillantottuk vagy kézfelemeléssel köszöntünk egymásnak. De ha ugyanezt a kilencvenes években is így csináljuk, közveszélyt jelentettünk volna az utakon. Hiszen akkor folyamatosan csak köszöngethettünk volna egymásnak. Az akkor látott sok németalföldi között lehet, hogy volt néhány turista is, de túlnyomó többségük egyházi ember volt, aki partnergyülekezete felé tartott, vagy onnan hazafelé. Ezeknek az embereknek a többsége ismerte a Németalföldi Románia-tanács Alapítványt (Stichting Roemenië Beraad Nederland - SRBN), és ők egymást is az SRBN útján ismerték meg. Az SRBN 1993-ban jött létre Németalföldön. Mi volt ez az alapítvány, miért jött létre, és miben állt a tevékenysége? A következőkben erről lesz szó.

According to Gen 1, the “classical” story of the origin of humanity, God began and finished the creation of man on the sixth day. In this view, creation is a one-time divine act dated to the dawn of history. Psalm 139,13-16 provides an alternative concept regarding human origins. The ideas permeating this Psalm are less widespread in the Bible, and they were far less influential for later theological works than the classical biblical accounts of creation. Nonetheless, these anthropological notions appear to be firmly rooted in folk religion. Making lavish use of motifs familiar from ancient Near Eastern mythological texts, the poem considers that a divine act of creation is performed in the process of birth of every individual. In contrast to the historicising interpretations of Gen 1-2, this text emphasises the personal character of creation. The present study examines the philological problems in Ps 139,13-16, as well as the Near Eastern background of its language.

Franz Bos személyét azért választottuk bemutatásra, mert esetében megtalálható a titkos rendőrség munkamódszerének valamennyi eleme: a szigorú határellenőrzéstől a részletes ügynöki jelentéseken, figyelmeztetésen és a több irányú technikai eszközalkalmazáson át egészen a nyomkövetésig.

The second half of the 20th century can be characterised by a consolidation of all state structures of the Communist Party. The most important institution in keeping the power was the Secret Police (Securitate), which exercised a strict control over the Churches, including the Hungarian Reformed Church. The Securitate was mostly interested in the foreign contacts of the church. After the Second World War the Reformed Church has kept its contacts with the Reformed Churches in Hungary, as well as with many other Western European churches from the former West Germany, Holland, Switzerland, etc. The Secret Police’s purpose was to gather as many information as possible about the different contacts, and to control the whole issue.

During the Communist regime, in the sixties of the 20th century, the Protestant Theological Seminary started the student exchange program with churches and institutions from the Western part of Europe, mainly the Dutch Reformed Churches. It was in 1968 when the first Dutch couple came to spend one study year in the Seminary. After them students have been arriving each year until the end of the eighties. Coming from a capitalist, “unfriendly” country, the Dutch students have always been watched at by the Securitate (Secret Police) very carefully. Many informers were recruited from among the Reformed pastors as well as seminary professors to control the whole study process of the foreigners. The documents included into this paper are perfect samples of how the Secret Police usually acted.