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Isa 7:14 is one of the most enigmatic texts of the Old Testament in which the traditional Christian exegesis has found the roots of the dogma of the virgin birth. It remains a question though whether this text indeed focuses on the female figure rathern than the son to be born. Following a brief survey of the recent state of research, in this article I address the question of the possible historical background of the text. Recent semantical investigations of the term עַלְמָה, often translated as ‘virgin’, show that neither עַלְמָה nor its synonym בְּתוּלָה imply any information about the eventual sexual experience of the named person. Both terms denote a young, unmarried woman. Regarding the identity of this woman there are four main theories: 1. the woman and his son are late eschatological figures conveying messianic messages; 2. the woman is the daughter of Zion and Immanuel is the people of Jerusalem. 3.

„Nagy gyötrelem, ha valaki Istennel akar beszélni, de nem tud, ha Isten előtt némaságra ítéltetett, ha érzi, hogy minden kiáltása saját énjében visszhangzik csupán, hogy szíve és szája fonák nyelvét nem akarja meghallani az Isten. Ilyen szükségünkben embereket keresünk, akik segítségünkre siethetnek – olyanokat, akik tudnak valamit az imádságról.” (Bonhoeffer)