Repozitórium index

În cartea sa Biografie van de dominee, teologul practic olandez Heitink dedica un capitol special dezvoltării oficiului pastoral protestant. El se întreabă când a apărut pastorul protestant așa cum îl cunoaștem astăzi în istoria bisericii. Răspunsul la această întrebare ne duce înapoi în secolul al XVI-lea. În istoria Reformei, acesta este momentul când apare pastorul, însă nu ca preot hirotonit din sânul clerului, ci ca laic. Potrivit doctrinei reformate, membrii comunității lui Dumnezeu ocupă diverse oficii, iar în vârful acestora se află funcția de pastor. Comunitatea alege anumite persoane pentru această funcție după ce a constatat că aceștia au darurile necesare de la Dumnezeu pentru această slujire. Heitink consideră că, într-un timp relativ scurt după implementarea oficiului pastoral, pastorul a devenit un funcționar bisericesc. Această funcție, fie ea laică sau ecleziastică, a crescut în importanță de-a lungul timpului.

A szenvedés titok is. Szenved az istenkáromló és az igaz is. Jézus sem fedte fel annak okát, hogy az a jeruzsálemi ember miért született vakon. Azt viszont felfedte és számtalanszor példázta, hogy mit kell tenni a szenvedőkkel. Aki pedig felkarol bármely nyomorúságba esett embert, abban Isten hatalma cselekszik. Ez a mi felkarolásunk ugyanaz az a felkaroló, vigasztaló, testet lelket gyógyító csodatett, amelyet Isten tett és tesz. Az itt közölt írás, amely egy előadás kibővített és szerkesztett változata, a szkólékobrótosz (σκωληκόβρωτος) néven ismert betegség kérdéskörébe enged betekintés kanonikus bibliai, A Makkabeusok második könyve, Josephus Flavius írásai, a rabbinikus források és a Jób testamentuma apokrifus könyv alapján.

A hitelesség – mint létforma – az elmúlt évek egyik meghatározó területe a lelkipásztor életének. Az előadás témája a hitelesség kapcsán három irányba kíván vezetni. Ezek a következők: hitelesség az Igéhez, a szervezethez és a lelkésznek önmagához. Az tartalmát illetően előadás inkább egy szakmai életút tapasztalatainak összefoglalása, mint tudományos munka, és lehetőséget kínál saját emberi és hivatásbeli hitelességünk végigggondolására.

Isa 8:16 is considered a key reference regarding the formation of the book of Isaiah and the role of prophetic disciples in this process. This article argues, however, that originally this verse had a more limited significance. The instruction to which v. 16 refers is to be identified with vv. 12-15 rather than an early ‘book’ of Isaiah. The expression ‘the instructed ones’ (of YHWH rather than the prophet) is applied to the prophet’s audience. This term reflects Isaiah’s characteristic view of prophesying as an act of instruction and prophecy as a form of teaching, and it does not presuppose the existence of any prophetic school. The view that sealing the instruction would allude to preserving prophetic teaching for the posterity is discounted here in favour of understanding the symbolic act as a metaphor from the legal sphere refering to authentication, with no inherent temporal significance.

In studies on the composition of prophetic literature, the larger textual layers reinterpreting earlier texts, the so-called Fortschreibungen, received much attention. It is well-known that beside these larger literary elaborations prophetic books also contain shorter explanatory interpolations, often called glosses, which intend to clarify a particular imagery of the prophecy (e.g., Isa 9:14). A systematic reading of these short annotations has been neglected, however, in studying the formation of prophetic books. The present article reconsiders the Isaiah-Memoir from this perspective. It identifies editorial interpolations in three distinct pericopes, Isa 8:2, 8:6-7a and 8:23b. It is argued here that the identification of such explanatory additions is the key to understanding notorious textual complexities. Moreover, it points out that these interpolations tend to expose recognisable patterns and common hermeneutical principles.

Ford. Fazakas Enikő, Kovács Zoltán, Kun Lajos, Némedi Gusztáv, Oláh Attila. A Debreceni Református Hittudományi Egyetem Gyakorlati Teológiai Tanszéke, Debrecen 2001, 132. old.