Repozitórium index

Rezumând atitudinea terapeuților față de bunăstare, putem constata că această comunitate a ridicat la un nivel atât de înalt valorile spirituale, încât a ignorat absolut tot ce aparține vieții zilnice obișnuite. Ei s-au străduit la înmulțirea bo-găției înțelepciunii (par. 16–17, 20) și a valorilor spirituale. În rândul acestei co-munități meditațiile asupra Sfintelor Scripturi, a cărților sfinte proprii, precum și asupra înțelepciunii dumnezeiești (par. 1, 28–30, 67) sunt absolut primordiale, din care rezultă retragerea din lume și disprețuirea totală a bogăției pământești.

Miklós Telegdi, a Roman Catholic bishop of the reformation period, was an important figure of his generation. The confessional guide of his Agendarius, first published in 1583 in nagyszombat (Trnava, now in Slovakia), is particular as to its structure and content. in Hungary, this is the first penitential guide that was written in a unique style, including vernacular parts and containing exhortations in a large number. The confessional includes a text discussing the strict obligation on the seal of confession as well as a confession mirror which, according to its genre, is a tool of individual self-examination. In my paper, I attempt to answer the question whether Telegdi’s confessional guide is only unique from a national point of view or also in a wider, international context.

The Disputation of Pécs (Pécsi Disputa) by György Válaszúti is a unique segment of 16th-century antitrinitarian literature. Since pécs was occupied by the Ottoman empire, Christians had to live by strict rules. They had to live outside the city walls, and they could only use one church. The dispute is a chronicle of a religious debate between the reformed citizens of tolna and the antitrinitarian citizens of Pécs.

Jób 19,25–27 talán a könyv legismertebb szövegrésze. Ez a perikópa számos alkalommal hangzik el temetéseken, s minden bizonnyal, a halál kérdéséről gondolkodó keresztyének is szoktak róla elmélkedni. Az itt írottak nem kívánják a hit korrekcióját végezni. Mert – rendszeres teológiai megközelítésben – a mindenkori Jób szenvedésből, bűnből, halálból való megváltója ugyanaz: a Krisztus. Ez a tanulmány nyelvészeti-poétikai vizsgálattal törekszik körvonalazni a szöveg jelentését. Egy (akár spontán) szöveg megalkotottságának mikéntje révén is üzen. Mennyivel inkább érvényes ez az írott, hagyományozott, szerkesztett, szövegváltozatában rögzített alkotásra. (Természetesen, fennáll a hibák lehetősége, de azok azonosításáig legyen érvényes a lectio difficilior elve.) E tanulmány tehát Jób azon szavait igyekszik megérteni, amelyek az ő helyreállítójáról szólnak, aki akkor is képes megváltani, amikor már elfogyatkozik a test és a szív.

Ebben a jellemzésben is felfedezhetjük, hogy a törvény szerinti élet, a földi javak megvetése és az elkülönülés, valamint az Istennek szolgáló életvitel együvé tartoznak. A papi, elit jellegű terapeuta létmód pedig az Istenhez menekülés sajátos formája.

Psalm-singing in the Community of Therapeutae Based on De vita contemplativa by Philo of Alexandria. The Therapeutae’s ascetic devotion is characterized not only by searching the scriptures, meditation and prayer but also by singing of hymns and psalms. Hymns were composed by the principals of the community, they were those who taught the community members to sing them and they continually enriched the hymnal with new ones. The Essenes’ and Therapeutae’s psalm-singing indicates first of all the common Old Testament origin. However these religious communities had different self-identity from that of the normative Jews and this identity required for a special psalm-poetry to be accomplished. The Therapeutae’s psalms remind us of the church psalm-tradition characterized, just like the Essene hymns, by responsive singing and refrains.