Repozitórium index

Ismeretes Kierkegaard három létmódstádiuma, az esztétikai, az etikai és a vallási, melyek közül a harmadik az akéda értelmezésére épül. Nálunk Tavaszy Sándor és Lukács György körülbelül egy időben kísérli meg Kierkegaard értelmezését. Egyik bölcselő sem találhat alibit a létezés alól, sőt – horribile dictu – az Ábrahám próbatétele alól sem. Hogyan válaszoltak e kihívásra? A kérdést kötelesek vagyunk feltenni – immár önmagunknak. A neomarxista késztetésnek (is) kitett posztmodern korban hogyan válaszol a saját egzisztenciális tájékozódásunk arra, hogy „nincs alibink a létben”?

This study presents the doctrinal environment of the Nicaeno-Constantinopolitanum, including its lost Tomus, mentioned by the synodal epistle of 382, in light of which the Creed’s theology ought to be explained. Despite some lacunae, modern scholarship established links between the West (Rome), the Antiochene council of 379 and the ecumenical council of 381. The Fathers’ attempts to find new methods of expressing a pneumatology based on the threefold ὁμοούσια demonstrate that the consubstantiality was meant to be extended to the Spirit. The Early Church regarded the Nicene Creed as being “the faith” (ἡ πίστις) or “the symbol” (τὸ σύμβολον). The other three formulae (of 381, 433 and 451) were definitions or explanations (ὅροι) of, yet by no means additions to “the ancient faith of the 318 holy Fathers”.

It is often argued that the sixteenth-century Reformation initiated a chain of events that ultimately led not only to religious pluralism within the body of the Western Christian Church, but also to the rise and dispersion of mutual acceptance among various religious groups. The fact, however, that these two things (i.e. religious pluralism and tolerance) did not emerge directly and immediately (almost as a matter of course) from the Reformation itself, is similarly undeniable. As we shall see below, we have sufficient evidence to claim that although the Reformers – including John Calvin, Theodore Beza and others, with whom this paper is partly concerned – at some point in their lives (mostly in their youth) advocated and invocated the cultivation of the spirit of tolerance, most of them refrained from upholding such positions once their situation as leaders within a newly emerged (both religious and political) community or realm became established.