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Apostle Paul and the Scriptures. An overview of current research and the price of progress. Among Dezső Kállay's biblical studies, the letters of the apostle Paul appear with special emphasis. Paul’s interpretation of the Scriptures was deeply rooted in the active Scriptural tradition of his era, not isolated in hermeneutical vacuum. The Scriptures represented not just the written text but also its interpretation, thus the Israelites’ faith was likened to both a solid foundation and spiritual sustenance, as they “drank from the spiritual rock” (1 Cor 10:4). This study aims to map the key research trajectories concerning Paul’s citations of the Bible. It begins by addressing fundamental issues within accepted consensuses, then evaluates the current state of research, informed by the six-year efforts of the Paul and Scripture Seminar under the Society of Biblical Literature and its two resultant publications. We may conclude that we know more and less at the same time.

Pavel din Tars a intrat în istoria creștinismului ca apostol al neamurilor. A fost un predicator neobosit și un învățător inspirat al Evangheliei lui Dumnezeu, care și-a îndeplinit misiunea cu cea mai mare fervoare și devotament necondiționat până la sfârșitul vieții sale. Cu povestea sa de viață fascinantă și cu experiența sa considerabilă în plantarea și consolidarea bisericilor creștine, el se află astăzi în fața noastră ca un om demn de atenția fiecărui slujitor. În ciuda unicității sale, el ne stă înainte în multe feluri ca un exemplu de înțelepciune, sobrietate, puritate, răbdare, altruism, moderație, fidelitate și dragoste frățească sinceră.

The present study deals with the characteristic features of the ministry of teachers in the early church, contrasting them with the rabbis in the synagogues. As charismatic characters in the early church, teachers have played a role compa-rable to that of the apostles and prophets. In a different order of ideas, we would like to investigate whether the competence of charismatic teachers should be considered universal, or whether they played a rather local administrative role in the way bishops, deacons and presbyters did. At the same time, we shall analyse the content of their teaching aiming to define the place of teachers within the early church. We shall conclude with remarks concerning the development of the teachers’ status in the post-Pauline period.

Ebben a tanulmányban arra a kérdésre kívánok válaszolni, hogy a levélszerző mennyiben őrizte meg Pál apostol teológiájának azt a központi gondolatát, amelynek kifejtését a Róm 3,21—30-ban és a Gal 2,15—21-ben olvashatjuk, hogy tudniillik a megigazulást kegyelemből és hit által lehet elnyerni. Más szóval: milyen hatástörténete volt Pál szoteriológiai tanításának a deuteropáli levelekben, közelebbről Az efézusiakhoz írt levében?

Az apostol különleges élményét, azaz elhívásának és küldetésének átvételét hagyományosan az ő megtérésének szoktuk nevezni. Bár az apostol ebben a levélben az általa hirdetett evangélium eredetével kívánja hangsúlyozni mindannak hitelességét, amelyet ő hirdet, életrajzi vonatkozású sorai olyan kérdéseket is felvetnek, amelyek ma is aktuálisak. Hogyan viszonyul egymáshoz Saulus, azaz Pál személyes istenélménye, megtérése, személyes belső meggyőződése és a hirdetett evangéliumi hagyomány tartalma, illetve a küldetése felőli bizonyosodása és az azt megbizonyító gyülekezeti-egyházi közösség?