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This paper is an expanded and somewhat more elaborated version of an earlier study in which I tried to give a general overview on the word-usage concerning the passion of Jesus Christ in the early Christian creeds. The purpose of this short paper is in part to give a comparative presentation of the sufferings of Lord Jesus Christ in the Western Creeds, and in part I also try to define the role of mentioning the name of Pontius Pilatus in them.

In Jeremiah 28, there is a dispute between the prophets Jeremiah and Hananiah over the (il)legitimacy of prophecies of salvation concerning Judah and prophecies of judgement regarding Babylon. On the eve of Jerusalem’s fall to the Babylonians, the prophet Jeremiah, who proclaims judgement on Judah at the hands of Babylon, appears to be the true, genuine, canonical voice of God. While this text does not preclude the eventual authenticity of prophecies of salvation in the event that they are proven valid by being fulfilled, it nevertheless is rather strange that the book of Jeremiah ends with a collection of prophecies against the Chaldaeans. The anti-Babylonian statements in Jeremiah 50-51 are ascribed to the very same prophet who had once dismissed Hananiah for uttering similarly worded – and presumably uninspired – invectives before the people of Jerusalem.

A hajdani próféták hiányában egyre fontosabbá lesz az írott hagyomány, tekintélye megnövekszik, és egyre nyomatékosabban határozza meg az a kultikus, társadalmi-politikai szférát, az életvitelt. Mindezzel együtt egyre nagyobb súlya lesz az írás helyes értelmezésének. Ezen a téren meghatározó volt a farizeusok buzgó igyekezete, akik Josephus Flavius szerint azt tartották magukról, hogy ők értelmezik a leghelyesebben az Írásokat.43 Jézus Krisztus idejére már olyan tekintélyes írásmagyarázási hagyományt mondhattak magukénak, az úgynevezett atyák hagyományát, amely szinte elfedte, háttérbe szorította a szent iratokat. Jézus ezért bírálta őket ilyen értelemben: ti azt tanítjátok, viszont meg van írva, azaz vissza az eredeti kijelentéshez! (Mt 5,17 skk.) És a szadduceusok is joggal bírálták hagyományaik túlhangsúlyozását. A tipologikus írásmagyarázat a Kr. e. 2.

In this short paper I would like to provide a comparative analysis of the passages concerning the passion of the Lord Jesus Christ of the Early Christian confessions (among them the Apostolic Creed1 as well), because these passages are frequently the source of theological misunderstanding and debates. The main question which urged me to do this research had occurred in relation with the Apostolic Creed. How do we say correctly: ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’ or ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered, under Pontius Pilate He was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’? I shall try to answer this question by analysing the relevant passages of the creeds which were composed in the first six centuries.