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The Camel and the Eye of the Needle. This paper examines Jesus’ challenging statement in the Gospels about the rich entering the Kingdom of God, likened to a camel through a needle’s eye. We explore variations in this saying across the Gospels and consider interpretations aided by literary parallels from Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic sources. These examples highlight the “eye of a needle” as a metaphor for impossibility, contrasted with a large object like a camel or elephant. While the presented examples are post-biblical, the motif’s roots may be older. Regardless of the original animal (camel, elephant, or rope), Jesus emphasises God’s power compared to human limitations. This explains the disciples’ astonishment and Jesus’ reply: human limitations exist, but “with God all things are possible” (Matthew 19:26, Mark 10:27, Luke 18:27).

This paper is an expanded and somewhat more elaborated version of an earlier study in which I tried to give a general overview on the word-usage concerning the passion of Jesus Christ in the early Christian creeds. The purpose of this short paper is in part to give a comparative presentation of the sufferings of Lord Jesus Christ in the Western Creeds, and in part I also try to define the role of mentioning the name of Pontius Pilatus in them.

In this short paper I would like to provide a comparative analysis of the passages concerning the passion of the Lord Jesus Christ of the Early Christian confessions (among them the Apostolic Creed1 as well), because these passages are frequently the source of theological misunderstanding and debates. The main question which urged me to do this research had occurred in relation with the Apostolic Creed. How do we say correctly: ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’ or ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered, under Pontius Pilate He was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’? I shall try to answer this question by analysing the relevant passages of the creeds which were composed in the first six centuries.