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Jelen tanulmányban a szükségszerűség és esetlegesség fogalmait elemzem. Duns Scotus filozófiai teológiájának kontextusában keresem a kapcsolópontokat a harmadik évezred multikulturalitásával. A kapcsolatiság teológiai megalapozásnak a lehetőségét keresem az isteni akarat és szabadság abszolút végtelenségében egyrészt, másrészt az emberi szabadság és akarat kontingenciájának a feszültségében. Ebben a feszültségben Isten kommunikál személyessége és önkinyilatkoztatása révén. Jézus központi szerepe az ember számára nem kontingens, az egyház önmagában kontingens. Isten akarata határozza meg, hogy mi szükségszerű és mi nem hivatása betöltéséhez.

Humanity is constantly evolving, which exerts a powerful impact on religion and the church as well. The postmodern era, which spread from the second half of the 20th century, presents a new direction that the church must respond to. The research examines how the gospel can be effectively conveyed in the postmodern world, with special consideration for the relationship between youth and the church, as well as the resulting challenges and opportunities. Based on my university studies and experiences, my viewpoint is that postmodern thinking essentially questions traditional values and systems. It emphasizes diversity, relativism, and subjectivism. This new approach shapes people's worldviews and influences their everyday decisions. The central premise of the paper is that the church has long functioned as a proponent of absolute truth and universal values.

Isa 7:14 is one of the most enigmatic texts of the Old Testament in which the traditional Christian exegesis has found the roots of the dogma of the virgin birth. It remains a question though whether this text indeed focuses on the female figure rathern than the son to be born. Following a brief survey of the recent state of research, in this article I address the question of the possible historical background of the text. Recent semantical investigations of the term עַלְמָה, often translated as ‘virgin’, show that neither עַלְמָה nor its synonym בְּתוּלָה imply any information about the eventual sexual experience of the named person. Both terms denote a young, unmarried woman. Regarding the identity of this woman there are four main theories: 1. the woman and his son are late eschatological figures conveying messianic messages; 2. the woman is the daughter of Zion and Immanuel is the people of Jerusalem. 3.