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My interest in the topic of suffering has been stimulated essentially by the experiences from the pastoral visits and pastoral encounters in a Transylvanian congregation where I work as a pastor. The interchange with the believers and their hardship lead me to conclude that many homes along the streets there are houses of suffering, many life-stories are stories of suffering. Often the suffering encountered at the heart of the believers’ home is something what makes them to “live as if they will never die and die as if they had never lived”. Nevertheless, accompanying the believers in their search for meaning and comfort I realized that they continue to believe in God despite suffering, impoverishment and oppression. But what I often experience is a struggle with ethical shortcuts in the midst of suffering.

Kálvin János társadalometikájának sorsfordító gyökerei öt szemszögből vizsgálja, hogy miképpen láttatta Kálvin Isten Igéjét. Először is saját korunkban és helyünkön képessé kell válnunk arra, hogy élni tudjunk a bibliai hit átalakító erejével. Másodszor Isten Igéje értékes önismerettel ajándékoz meg hivatásunkat és korlátainkat illetően. Harmadszor fel kell ismernünk Isten parancsolatainak velünk szemben támasztott igényét. Negyedszer Isten Igéjének holisztikus értelmezése révén nem fogadjuk el az élet széthullását okozó szekularizálódást, amely lerombolja lelki és etikai identitásunkat. Végül mindezt nagyon figyelmesen és óvatosan kell alkalmazni minden történelmi helyzetben és időben, újból és újból meglátva a különbséget a régi formák puszta utánzása és az életformáló szabályok szerinti élet előrehaladása között.

In this short paper I would like to provide a comparative analysis of the passages concerning the passion of the Lord Jesus Christ of the Early Christian confessions (among them the Apostolic Creed1 as well), because these passages are frequently the source of theological misunderstanding and debates. The main question which urged me to do this research had occurred in relation with the Apostolic Creed. How do we say correctly: ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’ or ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered, under Pontius Pilate He was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’? I shall try to answer this question by analysing the relevant passages of the creeds which were composed in the first six centuries.