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The thesis highlights the complex role of the masses in the New Testament. The synoptic tradition, namely Matthew, Mark, and Luke, depict the masses differently. Matthew is more sympathetic, while Luke maintains distance, portraying Jesus as a friend to the poor and oppressed. The analysis of three Greek words, all translated as 'masses' in English: 'πολλοί', 'λαός', and 'ὄχλος', is particularly important. 'πολλοί' is a general term for any large group, not just people. Luke uses it most frequently, while Matthew does not use it at all, indicating that for Matthew, people mean more than just numbers. 'λαός' in the Septuagint usually refers to the nation of Israel. Matthew, with a Hebrew mindset, uses 'λαός' in this sense, and does not equate it with 'ὄχλος', which means an anonymous crowd. The author points out that Matthew carefully chose his words, and this difference is especially important in Matthew 27,25, where the people take responsibility for Jesus' blood.

This article argues that Isaiah's so-called ‘refrain poem’ (Kehrvergedicht) in Isa. 9.7–20 is a composite text, going back to two early prophecies with different concerns. Isaiah 9.7–17* focused originally on the arrogant refusal of the divine word, while Isa. 9.18–20* reflected on the chaotic social circumstances in Samaria in the eighth century. The refrains in vv. 9,11cd, 16ef and 20cd were added to these two already connected prophecies at a later stage. The theological summary in v. 12 is yet another addition, closely affiliated with 5.24–25. Unlike v. 12, the refrains do not have the repentance of Israel in view, nor its final destruction, but the fall of Assyria in Isa. 10.5–15, 24–27. The refrains support the theory that the Isaianic collection was formed by means of reusing, restructuring and reinterpreting earlier material. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309089216690385

In studies on the composition of prophetic literature, the larger textual layers reinterpreting earlier texts, the so-called Fortschreibungen, received much attention. It is well-known that beside these larger literary elaborations prophetic books also contain shorter explanatory interpolations, often called glosses, which intend to clarify a particular imagery of the prophecy (e.g., Isa 9:14). A systematic reading of these short annotations has been neglected, however, in studying the formation of prophetic books. The present article reconsiders the Isaiah-Memoir from this perspective. It identifies editorial interpolations in three distinct pericopes, Isa 8:2, 8:6-7a and 8:23b. It is argued here that the identification of such explanatory additions is the key to understanding notorious textual complexities. Moreover, it points out that these interpolations tend to expose recognisable patterns and common hermeneutical principles.

Egyházunk lelki és szervezetbeli újjászületésének érdekében jogos mindenkor, sőt kötelesség a régi elavult rendet felforgatni és ujjal cserélni fel. S ha megtették ezt már kivétel nélkül a világ összes kálvinista egyházai, miért vonnánk ki annak megtétele alól magunkat éppen mi, romániai magyar reformátusok, holott ez nálunk fajunk és egyházunk legfontosabb életkérdése.

A nézetkülönbségek, a fogalmak tisztázatlansága, az eltérő vélemények olykor olyan nagy vitát idézhetnek elő, olyannyira, hogy azoknak hatását még évszázadokkal később is érezhetjük. Ez történt Augustinus és Pelagius esetében is. Augustinus életét a folyamatos keresés jellemzi, a tévedések és érzelmi zűrzavarok halmazán keresztülverekedve magát, találja meg a helyes utat. Pelagius életét viszont kezdettől fogva a mély kegyesség határozza meg, amelyben nincs helye sem a tévedéseknek, sem pedig az érzelmi zűrzavaroknak. Ez pedig már előrejelzi a kettejük közötti összecsapást.