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In this research, I have explored the theme of the immortality of the soul in the light of Plato's and Calvin's view of the soul. The work is divided into two major parts: in the first part, I examined Plato's and Calvin's view of the soul and the immortality of the soul, and in the second part, I compared the results of the first part. In the course of this research, I have discovered the similarities and differences in the details of the two conceptions. Eight units of thought were identified for the comparison and within these units, different themes were compared between the two conceptions. In the last point, one of the main questions of the topic was answered, namely whether the soul is immortal or impermanent. Although Plato and Calvin had different points of view, in the end the two concepts were the same: the soul is immortal.

This study presents the doctrinal environment of the Nicaeno-Constantinopolitanum, including its lost Tomus, mentioned by the synodal epistle of 382, in light of which the Creed’s theology ought to be explained. Despite some lacunae, modern scholarship established links between the West (Rome), the Antiochene council of 379 and the ecumenical council of 381. The Fathers’ attempts to find new methods of expressing a pneumatology based on the threefold ὁμοούσια demonstrate that the consubstantiality was meant to be extended to the Spirit. The Early Church regarded the Nicene Creed as being “the faith” (ἡ πίστις) or “the symbol” (τὸ σύμβολον). The other three formulae (of 381, 433 and 451) were definitions or explanations (ὅροι) of, yet by no means additions to “the ancient faith of the 318 holy Fathers”.