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Az Ószövetségben közel 650 helyen találkozunk a "Jeruzsálem" névvel. Ám ezek a referenciák jobbára a Dávid királyságát követő korszakra vonatkoznak, amikor Jeruzsálem politikai és vallási szempontból a királyság központjává válik. De milyen is volt ez a város, mielőtt Dávid fővárossá tette volna? Ez a tanulmány előbb röviden áttekinti azokat a bibliai utalásokat és régészeti eredményeket, amelyek fényt vetnek a monarchia korát megelőző Jeruzsálem életére. A tanulmány második, terjedelmesebb része a honfoglalás előtti Jeruzsálem kánaánita királya, Abdi-heba és az egyiptomi királyi udvar közötti diplomáciai levelezés anyagát dolgozza fel. Az ún. Amarnai levelek néven ismert gyűjtemény részét képező korrespondencia akkád nyelven íródott. Ennek a gyűjteménynek az itt közreadott magyar fordítása elsőrendű forrásanyag Jeruzsálem korai történetének rekonstrukciójához.

Magyarázat a Zsid 1-3 fejezeteihez.

It is often argued that the sixteenth-century Reformation initiated a chain of events that ultimately led not only to religious pluralism within the body of the Western Christian Church, but also to the rise and dispersion of mutual acceptance among various religious groups. The fact, however, that these two things (i.e. religious pluralism and tolerance) did not emerge directly and immediately (almost as a matter of course) from the Reformation itself, is similarly undeniable. As we shall see below, we have sufficient evidence to claim that although the Reformers – including John Calvin, Theodore Beza and others, with whom this paper is partly concerned – at some point in their lives (mostly in their youth) advocated and invocated the cultivation of the spirit of tolerance, most of them refrained from upholding such positions once their situation as leaders within a newly emerged (both religious and political) community or realm became established.

The purpose of the Epistle to the Hebrews. In this essay we argue that the particular purpose of Hebrews is obscure for the modern reader. It is clear, that it was addressed to a particular community that needed to be warned not to apostatize, not to turn away from Christianity. But no dogmatic conclusion can be reached on a more precise identification of the danger could consist in. The drift of the argument on the levitical cultus, the exhortations and argumentations from the exposition of so many Old Testament passages would possibly give weight to the theory that the danger was that of relapsing into Judaism, a theory held by numerous scholars. However, this is an inference, though reasonable. But each further step in order to identify the exact form of the apostasy to Judaism will be conjectural.