Repository index

This study investigates the concept of humility (ʿānāw) as a religious virtue in the Old Testament, analyzing its linguistic, theological, and ethical dimensions. The Hebrew term ʿānāw, far from denoting weakness, reflects a spiritual disposition that shapes human relationships with God, others, and self. Through a comprehensive exegetical and theological framework, the thesis explores humility across prophetic, wisdom, and historical literature, with particular focus on the figures of Joseph, Moses, and David. Their narratives illustrate humility as a moral strength in leadership, divine calling, and repentance. The research applies historical-critical, narrative, and comparative methods, engaging key scholarly voices such as Gerhard von Rad, Walter Brueggemann, and Christopher J. H. Wright. The analysis highlights the dual character of humility: it is both a personal moral stance and a communal ethical imperative.

In the case of Judges 4–5, we encounter a fascinating phenomenon of the Old Testament: both chapters – first in narrative prose and then in poetic form – present the oppression of Israel by a Canaanite city-state named Hazor, while recounting a military episode that concludes with Israel’s victory. These events are set during the period of the prophetess Deborah. The two accounts do not exhibit substantial differences in terms of characters or the basic events described; however, notable differences emerge in genre and in certain plot details. While the phenomenon of parallel accounts is not unknown in the Hebrew Bible, Judges 4 and 5 stand out as exceptional, since the same episode of Israel’s recorded history is presented both in prose and in poetic form. This paper aims to discuss the literary interrelationship between these two accounts. The first section of this study contains the Hungarian translation of Judges 4–5.

A Zsoltárok könyve irodalmi alkotás, amelyben az irodalom a maga módszereit, metodikáját, formáját és stiláris jellegzetességeit kínálja fel a formán és sablonon túlmutató lényeg, a hit kifejezésére és annak esztétikai megfogalmazására. Jelen tanulmány ezzel a felkínált irodalmi jellegzetességgel és sajáttal akar foglalkozni, tehát a zsoltárok irodalomtörténetével, azokkal a kérdésekkel, amelyek felvetődnek valamely irodalmi alkotás műelemzése során, de főleg a prédikációra néző exegézis keretében.