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In his 1583 ritual entitled Agendarius, which was innovative in many respects in comparison to its Hungarian predecessors, Bishop Miklós Telegdi of Pécs, the administrator of the diocese of Esztergom, added sample-like sermons to the rituals of the administration of the sacraments accompanying the great turning points of life (viz. baptism, confirmation, wedding etc.). He was presumably guided chiefly by pastoral considerations. For the second edition of 1596 (published after Telegdi’s death), the editors added a second funeral sermon, clearly intended for a more educated, urban audience – judging from the scholarly Latin quotations and the general tone. A comparison of the structure and content of the two speeches provides useful conclusions as to what the ecclesiastical authorities of the time considered advisable to preach at the time of death to mourners lacking basic schooling and what to the more learned audience.

My study approaches Unitarian sermon literature from the perspective of church discipline. There are several reasons for this: 1) Historical records of reception are scarce because in the early modern age, only a handful of Unitarian sermons could be published. 2) it was uncommon among Unitarian preachers to use theoretical works (ars concionandi/praedicandi) until the end of the 17th century, they learned instead by observing the written and oral practices of their colleagues. 3) Because of the medium of the manuscript, most early modern Unitarian sermons did not survive beyond the 17th–18th century. Therefore, in our exploration of the rules and ideals of sermon literature as well as the attitudes of followers, preachers, and schoolmasters to the genre, we are forced to rely on inferences based on the norms, especially the offences recorded in (ecclesiastical) court protocols.

This article argues that Isaiah's so-called ‘refrain poem’ (Kehrvergedicht) in Isa. 9.7–20 is a composite text, going back to two early prophecies with different concerns. Isaiah 9.7–17* focused originally on the arrogant refusal of the divine word, while Isa. 9.18–20* reflected on the chaotic social circumstances in Samaria in the eighth century. The refrains in vv. 9,11cd, 16ef and 20cd were added to these two already connected prophecies at a later stage. The theological summary in v. 12 is yet another addition, closely affiliated with 5.24–25. Unlike v. 12, the refrains do not have the repentance of Israel in view, nor its final destruction, but the fall of Assyria in Isa. 10.5–15, 24–27. The refrains support the theory that the Isaianic collection was formed by means of reusing, restructuring and reinterpreting earlier material. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309089216690385

In studies on the composition of prophetic literature, the larger textual layers reinterpreting earlier texts, the so-called Fortschreibungen, received much attention. It is well-known that beside these larger literary elaborations prophetic books also contain shorter explanatory interpolations, often called glosses, which intend to clarify a particular imagery of the prophecy (e.g., Isa 9:14). A systematic reading of these short annotations has been neglected, however, in studying the formation of prophetic books. The present article reconsiders the Isaiah-Memoir from this perspective. It identifies editorial interpolations in three distinct pericopes, Isa 8:2, 8:6-7a and 8:23b. It is argued here that the identification of such explanatory additions is the key to understanding notorious textual complexities. Moreover, it points out that these interpolations tend to expose recognisable patterns and common hermeneutical principles.

Ez a rövid tanulmány a siratóénekek rendszerezése és formai kapcsolatuk tekintetében fogalmazott meg néhány észrevételt. A siratóénekek mint a gyász kifejezési formái, ha nem is jelentős mértékben, de egyaránt megtalálhatóak az Ószövetség történeti, prófétai és tanítói könyveiben, tehát szorosan hozzátartoznak az ószövetségi zsidó nép történelméhez. Az általunk használt kutatási eredmények a következőre engednek következtetni a qínáh-strófával kapcsolatban: az ószövetségi irodalomban megtalálható két dávidi gyászének nem szolgáltat példát arra, hogy a siratóénekek formái a korábbi keletkezésű gyászénekek formáit követik. Ez azonban nem jelenti azt, hogy a qínáh-strófának prófétai irodalomban való használata nem a zsidó gyászénekek formájára vezethető vissza, csupán azt, hogy ezt az Ószövetség anyagából egyértelműen nem lehet kimutatni.

Minden korban és kultúrában kialakultak a sajátos modellek (beszédműfajok), amelyeknek megismerése elengedhetetlen az adott kultúra megértésében. A Jelenések könyvét ebből a szempontból közelítjük meg, akkor ez az alkotás is céltudatos kommunikációnak tekinthető, s ezért holisztikus üzenetét műfaja alapján vizsgáljuk.

Ez a tanulmány Bégamonostor történetét írja le.