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Az idő, amelyet értünk és mégsem értünk: sem pontos definícióját, sem pontos mérését, sem lelki megértését nem sikerült tisztáznunk, mivel nem tudjuk kívülről szemlélni. Ha áttekintjük az időről való gondolkodás filozófiáját, sok érdekes és részlegességében igaz megoldásra találunk. A Szentírás alapján viszont közelebb kerülhetünk az idő lényegéhez, a teremtett idő jelentőségéhez ugyanúgy, mint a teremtetlen idő valóságához. Az idő megértése az Örökkévaló szempontjából nézve oldódik meg, mert aki Krisztusban van, annak örök élete van – minden időfogalom eszkatológiai értelmet nyer tehát; nem félelmet kelt az idő múlása, hanem értelmet nyer az örökkévalóság fényében.

The thesis highlights the complex role of the masses in the New Testament. The synoptic tradition, namely Matthew, Mark, and Luke, depict the masses differently. Matthew is more sympathetic, while Luke maintains distance, portraying Jesus as a friend to the poor and oppressed. The analysis of three Greek words, all translated as 'masses' in English: 'πολλοί', 'λαός', and 'ὄχλος', is particularly important. 'πολλοί' is a general term for any large group, not just people. Luke uses it most frequently, while Matthew does not use it at all, indicating that for Matthew, people mean more than just numbers. 'λαός' in the Septuagint usually refers to the nation of Israel. Matthew, with a Hebrew mindset, uses 'λαός' in this sense, and does not equate it with 'ὄχλος', which means an anonymous crowd. The author points out that Matthew carefully chose his words, and this difference is especially important in Matthew 27,25, where the people take responsibility for Jesus' blood.

This paper is an expanded and somewhat more elaborated version of an earlier study in which I tried to give a general overview on the word-usage concerning the passion of Jesus Christ in the early Christian creeds. The purpose of this short paper is in part to give a comparative presentation of the sufferings of Lord Jesus Christ in the Western Creeds, and in part I also try to define the role of mentioning the name of Pontius Pilatus in them.

Ez a dolgozat a felmentés problémáját elemzi Vladimir Jankélévitch gondolkodásában. A felmentés a sértett fél azon próbálkozása, hogy a mélyen elrejtett emberi gonoszságon túl olyan külső mozzanatokat találjon, amelyek motiválhatták az elkövetőt. Az oknyomozó eltökéltségével keresi a választ az unde malum? kérdésére.

In this short paper I would like to provide a comparative analysis of the passages concerning the passion of the Lord Jesus Christ of the Early Christian confessions (among them the Apostolic Creed1 as well), because these passages are frequently the source of theological misunderstanding and debates. The main question which urged me to do this research had occurred in relation with the Apostolic Creed. How do we say correctly: ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’ or ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered, under Pontius Pilate He was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’? I shall try to answer this question by analysing the relevant passages of the creeds which were composed in the first six centuries.