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Rezumând atitudinea terapeuților față de bunăstare, putem constata că această comunitate a ridicat la un nivel atât de înalt valorile spirituale, încât a ignorat absolut tot ce aparține vieții zilnice obișnuite. Ei s-au străduit la înmulțirea bo-găției înțelepciunii (par. 16–17, 20) și a valorilor spirituale. În rândul acestei co-munități meditațiile asupra Sfintelor Scripturi, a cărților sfinte proprii, precum și asupra înțelepciunii dumnezeiești (par. 1, 28–30, 67) sunt absolut primordiale, din care rezultă retragerea din lume și disprețuirea totală a bogăției pământești.

Valentinus and His Teaching in the Light of Modern Research and Ancient Christian Heresiology -- The first part of this paper contains a summary of the life and teachings of Valentinus written by Bernadett Szűcs, in which the author sketches the most important aspects of this complex topic based on the early Christian primary sources harmonized with the state of the modern research. As an appendix to this introduction, the second part of this paper, written by György Papp contains the first Hungarian translation (accompanied by the original Greek text from the recently published critical edition) of one of the primary sources with a short introduction, to the text: the chapter about Valentinus in the Haereticarum fabularum compendium of Theodoret of Cyrus.

Allegorikus bibliamagyarázata keretében Alexandriai Philón néhány alkalommal az Isten emberét állítja az olvasó elé. Az ἄνθρωπος [τοῦ] θεοῦ megnevezés megtalálható a Septuaginta jó néhány szövegében, többnyire próféták, illetve olyan jeles bibliai alakok jelölésére, mint Mózes vagy Dávid. Philón azonban kevés alkalommal támaszkodik ezekre a szakaszokra, minden bizonnyal azért, mert a Pentateuchost magyarázza, miközben az „Isten embere” cím főleg a deuteronomisztikus és a krónikás történeti műben fordul elő. Ugyanakkor néha érintőlegesen utalást tesz ezekre a szövegekre is. Azonban az allegorikus-etikai magyarázat keretében és a platóni–sztoikus filozófiai eszmék hatására Philónnál a fogalom új jelentésekkel bővül. A következőkben röviden áttekintem az „Isten embere” fogalom használatát a Septuagintában. Ezt követően rátérek néhány philóni szövegre, ahol az ἄνθρωπος θεοῦ fogalom szerepel, és megvizsgálom annak jelentéseit.

This paper presents the doctrine on baptism in the Haereticarum fabularum compendium of Theodoret of Cyrus. From this presentation we learn that Theodoret presents in this work a multi-contextual image of the “all-holy” baptism. The divine origin of the sacrament determined Theodoret to offer it a special place within his theological system. This special place is expressed through the setting of the chapter concerning baptism as well: it is put between the soteriological Christology and the chapters concerning Theodoret’s eschatology, the latter being an introduction to the ethical chapters.

Ebben a jellemzésben is felfedezhetjük, hogy a törvény szerinti élet, a földi javak megvetése és az elkülönülés, valamint az Istennek szolgáló életvitel együvé tartoznak. A papi, elit jellegű terapeuta létmód pedig az Istenhez menekülés sajátos formája.

Psalm-singing in the Community of Therapeutae Based on De vita contemplativa by Philo of Alexandria. The Therapeutae’s ascetic devotion is characterized not only by searching the scriptures, meditation and prayer but also by singing of hymns and psalms. Hymns were composed by the principals of the community, they were those who taught the community members to sing them and they continually enriched the hymnal with new ones. The Essenes’ and Therapeutae’s psalm-singing indicates first of all the common Old Testament origin. However these religious communities had different self-identity from that of the normative Jews and this identity required for a special psalm-poetry to be accomplished. The Therapeutae’s psalms remind us of the church psalm-tradition characterized, just like the Essene hymns, by responsive singing and refrains.