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Isa 8:16 is considered a key reference regarding the formation of the book of Isaiah and the role of prophetic disciples in this process. This article argues, however, that originally this verse had a more limited significance. The instruction to which v. 16 refers is to be identified with vv. 12-15 rather than an early ‘book’ of Isaiah. The expression ‘the instructed ones’ (of YHWH rather than the prophet) is applied to the prophet’s audience. This term reflects Isaiah’s characteristic view of prophesying as an act of instruction and prophecy as a form of teaching, and it does not presuppose the existence of any prophetic school. The view that sealing the instruction would allude to preserving prophetic teaching for the posterity is discounted here in favour of understanding the symbolic act as a metaphor from the legal sphere refering to authentication, with no inherent temporal significance.

In studies on the composition of prophetic literature, the larger textual layers reinterpreting earlier texts, the so-called Fortschreibungen, received much attention. It is well-known that beside these larger literary elaborations prophetic books also contain shorter explanatory interpolations, often called glosses, which intend to clarify a particular imagery of the prophecy (e.g., Isa 9:14). A systematic reading of these short annotations has been neglected, however, in studying the formation of prophetic books. The present article reconsiders the Isaiah-Memoir from this perspective. It identifies editorial interpolations in three distinct pericopes, Isa 8:2, 8:6-7a and 8:23b. It is argued here that the identification of such explanatory additions is the key to understanding notorious textual complexities. Moreover, it points out that these interpolations tend to expose recognisable patterns and common hermeneutical principles.

Berettyószéplakon a temetkezés kultusza a neolitikumig vezethető vissza. 1956-ban a református templom kőkerítésének a javításakor emberi csontokat ástak ki a földből. Mi több, az emberek azt tartják, hogy amikor a zsidó imaházat és az alsó iskolát építették (19. század közepe, 20. század eleje), akkor is és ott is találtak emberi csontokat. A régi középkori temető a református egyháztól egészen a Sár utcáig, annak bejáratáig, a Bálint utcán (sikátoron) át a régi kultúrházig terjeszkedett, követve a Nagy-patak meredek partját. A Bálint utcában 1959 augusztusában bontották le Papp János házát. Az új házának építésekor emberi csontokra bukkantak. A csontok mellett koporsómaradványokat is felszínre forgattak. A református templom mellé legkorábban a 11–12. században temetkeztek. 17–18. századig temetkezhettek a szűkön vett cintóriumba, amely fokozatosan növekedett, tágult a mostani Somlyó útig. 1842–43-ban „czinterem” a temető neve, legalábbis a kurátori számadásban.

It is often argued that the sixteenth-century Reformation initiated a chain of events that ultimately led not only to religious pluralism within the body of the Western Christian Church, but also to the rise and dispersion of mutual acceptance among various religious groups. The fact, however, that these two things (i.e. religious pluralism and tolerance) did not emerge directly and immediately (almost as a matter of course) from the Reformation itself, is similarly undeniable. As we shall see below, we have sufficient evidence to claim that although the Reformers – including John Calvin, Theodore Beza and others, with whom this paper is partly concerned – at some point in their lives (mostly in their youth) advocated and invocated the cultivation of the spirit of tolerance, most of them refrained from upholding such positions once their situation as leaders within a newly emerged (both religious and political) community or realm became established.