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Weather imagery plays a major role in Hosea. Hosea 2 recalls the image of an unfaithful wife; Hosea 4:2–3 describes the withering of the land; in 6:3; 10:12; 14:6, the several types of precipitation draw attention to the utterance of YHWH or the requested righteousness; in 9:10.13.16; 10:1; 13:5; 14:6.8, Israel is symbolised by different plants that blossom and wither, depending on their relation to Yhwh. In all of these instances, weather phenomena contribute to these images. In this article, I try to catalogue and evaluate the metaphors and concepts to look at how meteorological images convey theological and historical messages, and vice versa how historical events or sociological procedures demonstrate their consequences in nature, especially in the weather. It seems that weather imagery is used to describe the consequences of idolatry, injustice and false politics.

Isa 8:16 is considered a key reference regarding the formation of the book of Isaiah and the role of prophetic disciples in this process. This article argues, however, that originally this verse had a more limited significance. The instruction to which v. 16 refers is to be identified with vv. 12-15 rather than an early ‘book’ of Isaiah. The expression ‘the instructed ones’ (of YHWH rather than the prophet) is applied to the prophet’s audience. This term reflects Isaiah’s characteristic view of prophesying as an act of instruction and prophecy as a form of teaching, and it does not presuppose the existence of any prophetic school. The view that sealing the instruction would allude to preserving prophetic teaching for the posterity is discounted here in favour of understanding the symbolic act as a metaphor from the legal sphere refering to authentication, with no inherent temporal significance.

In the past decades, research has raised the idea of a theology of the Septuagint (LXX) on various occasions. Important works were recently published on this topic in the Handbuch zur Septuaginta and the Septuagint and Cognate Studies series. The general theological tendencies of the LXX are identified by scholars in eschatology, messianism, anti-anthropomorphism and angelology. These tend to all be regarded as further developments of the theology of the Hebrew Bible (HB). However, one can trace the evolution of these and other main topics of the LXX in the New Testament (NT) and in the later apostolic writings as well. Based on three concise case studies, I point out the evolution of theological ideas from the HB through the LXX up to the NT in this paper.

In studies on the composition of prophetic literature, the larger textual layers reinterpreting earlier texts, the so-called Fortschreibungen, received much attention. It is well-known that beside these larger literary elaborations prophetic books also contain shorter explanatory interpolations, often called glosses, which intend to clarify a particular imagery of the prophecy (e.g., Isa 9:14). A systematic reading of these short annotations has been neglected, however, in studying the formation of prophetic books. The present article reconsiders the Isaiah-Memoir from this perspective. It identifies editorial interpolations in three distinct pericopes, Isa 8:2, 8:6-7a and 8:23b. It is argued here that the identification of such explanatory additions is the key to understanding notorious textual complexities. Moreover, it points out that these interpolations tend to expose recognisable patterns and common hermeneutical principles.

A tanulmány a Dániel könyvében fellelhető feltámadás gondolatát teszi vizsgálat tárgyává. Az Ószövetség-tudományban általánosan elterjedt az a vélemény, mely szerint a személyes feltámadás gondolata először a Dániel könyvének apokaliptikus szakaszában jelenik meg. A konszenzus szerint tehát Dániel könyve Izrael túlvilághitének gyökeres változásáról tanúskodik. A kérdéses szövegrész vizsgálata azonban azt mutatja, hogy Dániel könyve nem egy általános, egész népet érintő feltámadás gondolatának első szövegtanúja, hanem sokkal inkább abban a hagyományban gyökerezik, mely Isten szabadítását a feltámadás motívumának segítségével írja le.

A Deut 32,24-et nagyon gyakran úgy tekintik, mint az izraeli vallásban továbbélő, politeista elemek monoteizmus előtti vallástörténeti kövületét. Ennek megfelelően a 24. versben előforduló „dögvész” és „járvány” kifejezéseket a kánaáni Resef és Qeteb istenségek vagy természetfeletti erők (görög eredetű szóval démonok) megtestesítőinek tartják. Feltűnő azonban, hogy a két említett főnév a Deut 32,24–25-ben JHVH hét nyila között jelenik meg, ahol öt minden kétséget kizáróan megszemélyesített jelenség, és nem démon vagy istennév. Valószínűleg a „dögvész” és a „járvány” is ehhez hasonlóan jelenik meg. A Deut 32,24 nem démontant, vagy politeisztikus képzetet tartalmaz, hanem benne az irodalmi pogányság jelenik meg.