This thesis, "Pastoral Care in the Early Modern Hungarian Reformed Church," investigates pastoral care in the 17th-century Reformed Church and assesses its similarities to present-day spiritual care models. The study concentrated on István Melotai Nyilas's 1621 agenda, synodal decrees, and ecclesiastical discipline records. These materials demonstrate that although the term "pastoral care" wasn't employed then, the activity itself was vital to pastoral work. Melotai's question-and-answer teachings, the stress on self-reflection before communion, visiting the ill, and comforting those condemned show that ministers took their congregations’ spiritual difficulties and uncertainties seriously. Concurrently, disciplinary records indicate that neglecting pastoral care led to serious outcomes, with church officials holding ministers responsible. A main finding is that early modern practice shares many traits with modern spiritual care: proclaiming forgiveness, being present with those suffering, and offering solace were core aims even when articulated using different terminology and methods. Thus, pastoral care in the early modern Hungarian Reformed Church is not just a historical topic, but an inheritance with lasting importance and significance today.