Repozitórium index

Miklós Telegdi, a Roman Catholic bishop of the reformation period, was an important figure of his generation. The confessional guide of his Agendarius, first published in 1583 in nagyszombat (Trnava, now in Slovakia), is particular as to its structure and content. in Hungary, this is the first penitential guide that was written in a unique style, including vernacular parts and containing exhortations in a large number. The confessional includes a text discussing the strict obligation on the seal of confession as well as a confession mirror which, according to its genre, is a tool of individual self-examination. In my paper, I attempt to answer the question whether Telegdi’s confessional guide is only unique from a national point of view or also in a wider, international context.

The Disputation of Pécs (Pécsi Disputa) by György Válaszúti is a unique segment of 16th-century antitrinitarian literature. Since pécs was occupied by the Ottoman empire, Christians had to live by strict rules. They had to live outside the city walls, and they could only use one church. The dispute is a chronicle of a religious debate between the reformed citizens of tolna and the antitrinitarian citizens of Pécs.

Ismerve ezt a kort, a címet akár ellentmondásosnak is lehet tekinteni. Bethlen Gábor uralkodását szinte teljesen kitöltötte a harmincéves háború, aktívan vett részt benne, mégpedig a protestáns szövetség oldalán, és aki ismeri a harmincéves háború mindennapjait, az jól tudja, hogy akkor épp nem volt divat toleránsnak lenni. A korabeli gyakorlatot megcáfolva, Bethlen Gábor mégis toleráns volt nemcsak a római katolikus egyház, hanem a különféle más felekezetek, sőt kisebb vallási csoportosulások irányában is. Erre kötelezte őt az erdélyi gyakorlat és a józan ész.

Ez a tanulmány elsősorban azt igyekszik feltárni és kielemezni, hogy az első felelős magyar kormány milyen hatást gyakorolt az egyházi életre és a felekezetekre. Ehhez leginkább a Pesti Hírlap 1848-as számai használnak forrásként, mint amelyek írott és hiteles adatokat közölnek a korról.

It is often argued that the sixteenth-century Reformation initiated a chain of events that ultimately led not only to religious pluralism within the body of the Western Christian Church, but also to the rise and dispersion of mutual acceptance among various religious groups. The fact, however, that these two things (i.e. religious pluralism and tolerance) did not emerge directly and immediately (almost as a matter of course) from the Reformation itself, is similarly undeniable. As we shall see below, we have sufficient evidence to claim that although the Reformers – including John Calvin, Theodore Beza and others, with whom this paper is partly concerned – at some point in their lives (mostly in their youth) advocated and invocated the cultivation of the spirit of tolerance, most of them refrained from upholding such positions once their situation as leaders within a newly emerged (both religious and political) community or realm became established.