Repozitórium index

In his 1583 ritual entitled Agendarius, which was innovative in many respects in comparison to its Hungarian predecessors, Bishop Miklós Telegdi of Pécs, the administrator of the diocese of Esztergom, added sample-like sermons to the rituals of the administration of the sacraments accompanying the great turning points of life (viz. baptism, confirmation, wedding etc.). He was presumably guided chiefly by pastoral considerations. For the second edition of 1596 (published after Telegdi’s death), the editors added a second funeral sermon, clearly intended for a more educated, urban audience – judging from the scholarly Latin quotations and the general tone. A comparison of the structure and content of the two speeches provides useful conclusions as to what the ecclesiastical authorities of the time considered advisable to preach at the time of death to mourners lacking basic schooling and what to the more learned audience.

My study approaches Unitarian sermon literature from the perspective of church discipline. There are several reasons for this: 1) Historical records of reception are scarce because in the early modern age, only a handful of Unitarian sermons could be published. 2) it was uncommon among Unitarian preachers to use theoretical works (ars concionandi/praedicandi) until the end of the 17th century, they learned instead by observing the written and oral practices of their colleagues. 3) Because of the medium of the manuscript, most early modern Unitarian sermons did not survive beyond the 17th–18th century. Therefore, in our exploration of the rules and ideals of sermon literature as well as the attitudes of followers, preachers, and schoolmasters to the genre, we are forced to rely on inferences based on the norms, especially the offences recorded in (ecclesiastical) court protocols.

A 20. század harmadik és negyedik évtizedében Tavaszy Sándor volt az, aki felmérte, milyen hatással volt Kálvin a magyar népre: „A kálvinizmus belekapcsolta a magyar lelket Isten országa mindent átfogó világába anélkül, hogy a magyar lélek magyar nemzeti karakterét megölte volna. Kivirágoztatta a magyar lélekben Isten országa igazságát anélkül, hogy Isten országa egyetemes valóságát bármely vonatkozásban is elszűkítette volna.” De Kálvin nemcsak „magyar teológus”, hanem kisebbségi teológus is volt, hiszen köztudott, hogy Kálvin egy üldözött kisebbség, a francia reformátusok számára írta teológiai főművét, az Institutiót.