Repozitórium index

În Vechiul Testament, Regatul de Nord este adesea considerat o regiune vinova-tă în care poporul s-a îndepărtat de Dumnezeu. Cu toate acestea, este notabil faptul că în descrierea întemeierii cultului din 1 Împărați 12, zeul venerat nu este numit, ci doar definit prin faptul că el a fost responsabil de exod. Un alt aspect deosebit de important este că acest cult nu era centralizat, ci Ieroboam a ridicat altare pentru această divinitate în întreaga țară, inclusiv, foarte probabil, în capi-tală, Samaria, unde exista un templu pentru această divinitate. Bazându-ne pe faptul că exodul este atribuit în toate textele lui Iahve, zeul venerat în Israel nu poate fi altul decât Iahve. El era zeul național și dinastic, inclusiv în Regatul de Nord. Acest lucru este susținut de prezența elementului teoforic iahvist în majo-ritatea numelor regale. Cu toate acestea, cel mai probabil erau tolerate și alte zeități canaanite. De exemplu, regele Ahab a introdus altarul lui Baal în templul lui Iahve.

A vallás nem megoldás. A vallás a probléma maga! – hangzik korunk vallás-kritikájának tenorja, amely világunk, s benne életünk, szabadságunk és békességünk veszélyeztetettségét és fenyegetettségét a fundamentalista vallási meggyőződés számlájára írja. Valóban, egyrészt nem kevés azon megnyilvánulások száma, amelyekben félelem tükröződik a vallásokkal, különösen az iszlám fundamentalizmussal szemben, amely egy isteni vagy vallási tekintély nevében abszolút engedelmességet és alávetettséget követel, s ennek eléréséhez az erőszak alkalmazásától sem riad vissza. De már az újkori vallási fundamentalizmus előtt is közkedvelt narratíva volt, hogy a vallás és politika szimbiózisa, illetve a reformáció által kiváltott konfesszionális ellentétek és brutális vallásháborúk csak pusztulást és romokat hagytak maguk után az öreg kontinens társadalmaiban.

This paper is an expanded and somewhat more elaborated version of an earlier study in which I tried to give a general overview on the word-usage concerning the passion of Jesus Christ in the early Christian creeds. The purpose of this short paper is in part to give a comparative presentation of the sufferings of Lord Jesus Christ in the Western Creeds, and in part I also try to define the role of mentioning the name of Pontius Pilatus in them.

A vallás fogalmát nehéz meghatározni, de általában egy térben és időben adott, kulturálisan meghatározott formaként értelmezzük, amelyhez istenség(ek), hit, szertartás, hitélmény, vallási közösségek, tanítások, intézmények, szervezetek fogalmai tartoznak.

In this short paper I would like to provide a comparative analysis of the passages concerning the passion of the Lord Jesus Christ of the Early Christian confessions (among them the Apostolic Creed1 as well), because these passages are frequently the source of theological misunderstanding and debates. The main question which urged me to do this research had occurred in relation with the Apostolic Creed. How do we say correctly: ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’ or ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered, under Pontius Pilate He was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’? I shall try to answer this question by analysing the relevant passages of the creeds which were composed in the first six centuries.

In dieser Arbeit werde ich mit Dtn 32,1–43 bzw. mit der Perikope 32,1–10 beschäftigen, die den Namen „Moselied“ trägt. Die alttestamentliche Tradition hält dieses Kapitel für eine der letzten Reden des Mose, ein Testament des großen Volksführers.