Repozitórium index

The aim of this thesis is to examine the extent to which the elusive postmodern zeitgeist influences ordinary people's faith in God, their relationship to the church, and the congregational demands of the Christian church. It also seeks to answer how far the teachings of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, the influential theologian who was martyred during World War II, can respond to these congregational needs. The topicality of the paper lies in its aim to provide a systematic theological framework for Reformed congregational pastors and members, with the aim of providing them with a theoretical basis for confronting postmodern problems. One such problem may be the scepticism and relativism that is characteristic of postmodernism and that is present in the life of the average church member today. A further challenge for the church may be the change in postmodern language and the isolation of individuals from one another.

It is often argued that the sixteenth-century Reformation initiated a chain of events that ultimately led not only to religious pluralism within the body of the Western Christian Church, but also to the rise and dispersion of mutual acceptance among various religious groups. The fact, however, that these two things (i.e. religious pluralism and tolerance) did not emerge directly and immediately (almost as a matter of course) from the Reformation itself, is similarly undeniable. As we shall see below, we have sufficient evidence to claim that although the Reformers – including John Calvin, Theodore Beza and others, with whom this paper is partly concerned – at some point in their lives (mostly in their youth) advocated and invocated the cultivation of the spirit of tolerance, most of them refrained from upholding such positions once their situation as leaders within a newly emerged (both religious and political) community or realm became established.

Szükséges-e az egyház ahhoz, hogy megismerhessem Istent, és kapcsolatba kerülhessek vele? Krisztus evangéliumát csak az egyházon belül ismerhetem-e meg? Van-e folytonosság Krisztus missziói parancsa, az apostolok és a mai egyház között? Ha van, akkor ez miben mutatkozik meg? Ezekre a kérdésekre kerestem a választ, amikor dolgozatom témájául a egyházról szóló teológiai tanítást választottam. A vonatkozó szakirodalom tanulmányozása során ezek a kérdések tovább kristályosodtak. Végül az egyház lényegének meghatározása és jellemzőinek dogmatörténeti áttekintése mellett döntöttem. A dolgozatban az egyházról szóló teológiai tanítás alakulását vizsgálom: kiindulópontul a Szentírás bizonyságtételét választottam. Ezt követi az apostoli atyák és az egyházatyák megfogalmazásainak summája, majd a reformátorok tanításán keresztül igyekeztem eljutni a XIX.-XX. századi teológusok és gondolkodók megállapításaiig.