Repozitórium index

În cartea sa Biografie van de dominee, teologul practic olandez Heitink dedica un capitol special dezvoltării oficiului pastoral protestant. El se întreabă când a apărut pastorul protestant așa cum îl cunoaștem astăzi în istoria bisericii. Răspunsul la această întrebare ne duce înapoi în secolul al XVI-lea. În istoria Reformei, acesta este momentul când apare pastorul, însă nu ca preot hirotonit din sânul clerului, ci ca laic. Potrivit doctrinei reformate, membrii comunității lui Dumnezeu ocupă diverse oficii, iar în vârful acestora se află funcția de pastor. Comunitatea alege anumite persoane pentru această funcție după ce a constatat că aceștia au darurile necesare de la Dumnezeu pentru această slujire. Heitink consideră că, într-un timp relativ scurt după implementarea oficiului pastoral, pastorul a devenit un funcționar bisericesc. Această funcție, fie ea laică sau ecleziastică, a crescut în importanță de-a lungul timpului.

Miklós Telegdi, a Roman Catholic bishop of the reformation period, was an important figure of his generation. The confessional guide of his Agendarius, first published in 1583 in nagyszombat (Trnava, now in Slovakia), is particular as to its structure and content. in Hungary, this is the first penitential guide that was written in a unique style, including vernacular parts and containing exhortations in a large number. The confessional includes a text discussing the strict obligation on the seal of confession as well as a confession mirror which, according to its genre, is a tool of individual self-examination. In my paper, I attempt to answer the question whether Telegdi’s confessional guide is only unique from a national point of view or also in a wider, international context.

The Disputation of Pécs (Pécsi Disputa) by György Válaszúti is a unique segment of 16th-century antitrinitarian literature. Since pécs was occupied by the Ottoman empire, Christians had to live by strict rules. They had to live outside the city walls, and they could only use one church. The dispute is a chronicle of a religious debate between the reformed citizens of tolna and the antitrinitarian citizens of Pécs.

Kelet-Európa egyházainak közelmúltját kutatva sokszor távolinak tűnő dolgokon keresztül ismerünk önmagunkra, míg közvetlen közelünk­ben inkább azt látjuk meg, ami megkülönböztet minket ezektől a dolgoktól. Néha titokzatos alakok bukkannak fel előttünk, máskor pedig ismert közsze­replők eddig ismeretlen vagy kevésbé ismert tetteiről hullik le a lepel, s mindez új megvilágításba helyezi a régi dolgokat. Mintha csak Leszek Kolakowski mondása igazolódna be, miszerint a történelem nem tanít sem viselkedni, sem sikeressé válni, viszont elmondja, kik is vagyunk valójában.

A dolgozatom témája, az egyén szabadsága és azon tényezők megismerése, amelyek ennek megélésében akadályt képeznek a mindennapi életben, legfőképpen a keresztyének életében. A dolgozatomban azt járom körül, hogy az emberek milyen megkötözöttségekkel küszködnek, mik korlátozzák őket a szabadságukban, hitük és önmaguk szabad megélésben, egyházi és más körökben. Így a kérdés az, hogy melyek azok a tényezők, körülmények, amik egyrészt elősegítik, hogy önmagunk legyünk, s melyek azok, amik ebben gátolnak, korlátoznak minket.