Repozitórium index

Az emberben minden időben ott élt a vágy, hogy a világmindenség titkait megfejtse. A válaszok megfogalmazásakor azonban szembesülnie kellet azzal, hogy nyelv által képtelen mindent meghatározni. A mítoszok szekularizálásával ugyanis elvesztettük kapcsolatukat a költői nyelvvel, ami megadhatná a belépés lehetőséget a nyelven túli állapotokba. A megoldás a titok erejének újra felfedezése lehet. Mindez az egzisztenciális metafora által megtörténhet, és az ember újra képessé válhat az Isten titkának a megélésére.

Examining Some Ethical Issues in the Context of War -- One of the main questions of this paper is whether the arguments in defence of war can be coupled with equal concern for the laws of war. While a permissive reading of the classical, theological just war tradition draws a number of conclu-sions that can be debated, this essay has attempted to draw attention to the fact that Augustine's questions of disordered political commitments (loves) are insep-arable from the more familiar questions of “right reason”, “right power” and “right intention”. Augustine’s reading reminds us that political desires still determine not only decisions to enter into armed conflict, but also the application of the inter-national law. On the one hand, politics is a means of influencing the dominant powers, a means of spreading their values, but also a means of holding them to account. It is also the voice of the oppressed and the vulnerable.

According to Gen 1, the “classical” story of the origin of humanity, God began and finished the creation of man on the sixth day. In this view, creation is a one-time divine act dated to the dawn of history. Psalm 139,13-16 provides an alternative concept regarding human origins. The ideas permeating this Psalm are less widespread in the Bible, and they were far less influential for later theological works than the classical biblical accounts of creation. Nonetheless, these anthropological notions appear to be firmly rooted in folk religion. Making lavish use of motifs familiar from ancient Near Eastern mythological texts, the poem considers that a divine act of creation is performed in the process of birth of every individual. In contrast to the historicising interpretations of Gen 1-2, this text emphasises the personal character of creation. The present study examines the philological problems in Ps 139,13-16, as well as the Near Eastern background of its language.

A hajdani próféták hiányában egyre fontosabbá lesz az írott hagyomány, tekintélye megnövekszik, és egyre nyomatékosabban határozza meg az a kultikus, társadalmi-politikai szférát, az életvitelt. Mindezzel együtt egyre nagyobb súlya lesz az írás helyes értelmezésének. Ezen a téren meghatározó volt a farizeusok buzgó igyekezete, akik Josephus Flavius szerint azt tartották magukról, hogy ők értelmezik a leghelyesebben az Írásokat.43 Jézus Krisztus idejére már olyan tekintélyes írásmagyarázási hagyományt mondhattak magukénak, az úgynevezett atyák hagyományát, amely szinte elfedte, háttérbe szorította a szent iratokat. Jézus ezért bírálta őket ilyen értelemben: ti azt tanítjátok, viszont meg van írva, azaz vissza az eredeti kijelentéshez! (Mt 5,17 skk.) És a szadduceusok is joggal bírálták hagyományaik túlhangsúlyozását. A tipologikus írásmagyarázat a Kr. e. 2.

Franz Bos személyét azért választottuk bemutatásra, mert esetében megtalálható a titkos rendőrség munkamódszerének valamennyi eleme: a szigorú határellenőrzéstől a részletes ügynöki jelentéseken, figyelmeztetésen és a több irányú technikai eszközalkalmazáson át egészen a nyomkövetésig.

The second half of the 20th century can be characterised by a consolidation of all state structures of the Communist Party. The most important institution in keeping the power was the Secret Police (Securitate), which exercised a strict control over the Churches, including the Hungarian Reformed Church. The Securitate was mostly interested in the foreign contacts of the church. After the Second World War the Reformed Church has kept its contacts with the Reformed Churches in Hungary, as well as with many other Western European churches from the former West Germany, Holland, Switzerland, etc. The Secret Police’s purpose was to gather as many information as possible about the different contacts, and to control the whole issue.

During the Communist regime, in the sixties of the 20th century, the Protestant Theological Seminary started the student exchange program with churches and institutions from the Western part of Europe, mainly the Dutch Reformed Churches. It was in 1968 when the first Dutch couple came to spend one study year in the Seminary. After them students have been arriving each year until the end of the eighties. Coming from a capitalist, “unfriendly” country, the Dutch students have always been watched at by the Securitate (Secret Police) very carefully. Many informers were recruited from among the Reformed pastors as well as seminary professors to control the whole study process of the foreigners. The documents included into this paper are perfect samples of how the Secret Police usually acted.