Repozitórium index

This study investigates the concept of humility (ʿānāw) as a religious virtue in the Old Testament, analyzing its linguistic, theological, and ethical dimensions. The Hebrew term ʿānāw, far from denoting weakness, reflects a spiritual disposition that shapes human relationships with God, others, and self. Through a comprehensive exegetical and theological framework, the thesis explores humility across prophetic, wisdom, and historical literature, with particular focus on the figures of Joseph, Moses, and David. Their narratives illustrate humility as a moral strength in leadership, divine calling, and repentance. The research applies historical-critical, narrative, and comparative methods, engaging key scholarly voices such as Gerhard von Rad, Walter Brueggemann, and Christopher J. H. Wright. The analysis highlights the dual character of humility: it is both a personal moral stance and a communal ethical imperative.

A dolgozat az עָנָו (ʿānāw) héber kifejezés nyelvészeti, teológiai és etikai vizsgálatán keresztül tárja fel az alázat vallási erényként való megjelenését az Ószövetségben. Célja annak bemutatása, miként határozza meg ez a gyakran félreértett fogalom az ember viszonyát Istenhez, önmagához és embertársaihoz. A tanulmány szisztematikusan elemzi az alázat jelentéstartományát a történeti, prófétai és bölcsességi irodalom szövegkorpuszaiban, különös figyelemmel József, Mózes és Dávid alakjára. A kutatás lexikográfiai és kommentári forrásokra támaszkodva alkalmaz nyelvészeti, történetkritikai és teológiai módszereket, valamint párbeszédet folytat több kortárs tudós, köztük Gerhard von Rad, Walter Brueggemann és Christopher J. H. Wright megközelítésével.

The thesis highlights the complex role of the masses in the New Testament. The synoptic tradition, namely Matthew, Mark, and Luke, depict the masses differently. Matthew is more sympathetic, while Luke maintains distance, portraying Jesus as a friend to the poor and oppressed. The analysis of three Greek words, all translated as 'masses' in English: 'πολλοί', 'λαός', and 'ὄχλος', is particularly important. 'πολλοί' is a general term for any large group, not just people. Luke uses it most frequently, while Matthew does not use it at all, indicating that for Matthew, people mean more than just numbers. 'λαός' in the Septuagint usually refers to the nation of Israel. Matthew, with a Hebrew mindset, uses 'λαός' in this sense, and does not equate it with 'ὄχλος', which means an anonymous crowd. The author points out that Matthew carefully chose his words, and this difference is especially important in Matthew 27,25, where the people take responsibility for Jesus' blood.