Repozitórium index

In his 1583 ritual entitled Agendarius, which was innovative in many respects in comparison to its Hungarian predecessors, Bishop Miklós Telegdi of Pécs, the administrator of the diocese of Esztergom, added sample-like sermons to the rituals of the administration of the sacraments accompanying the great turning points of life (viz. baptism, confirmation, wedding etc.). He was presumably guided chiefly by pastoral considerations. For the second edition of 1596 (published after Telegdi’s death), the editors added a second funeral sermon, clearly intended for a more educated, urban audience – judging from the scholarly Latin quotations and the general tone. A comparison of the structure and content of the two speeches provides useful conclusions as to what the ecclesiastical authorities of the time considered advisable to preach at the time of death to mourners lacking basic schooling and what to the more learned audience.

My study approaches Unitarian sermon literature from the perspective of church discipline. There are several reasons for this: 1) Historical records of reception are scarce because in the early modern age, only a handful of Unitarian sermons could be published. 2) it was uncommon among Unitarian preachers to use theoretical works (ars concionandi/praedicandi) until the end of the 17th century, they learned instead by observing the written and oral practices of their colleagues. 3) Because of the medium of the manuscript, most early modern Unitarian sermons did not survive beyond the 17th–18th century. Therefore, in our exploration of the rules and ideals of sermon literature as well as the attitudes of followers, preachers, and schoolmasters to the genre, we are forced to rely on inferences based on the norms, especially the offences recorded in (ecclesiastical) court protocols.

Pál apostol a megváltott ember új életéről vallott nézeteit a Róm 6,1–23-ban fejti ki részletesen. A gonddal megrajzolt képet tovább árnyalja a 8,1–13-ban,1 ahol a Szentlélek munkája felől világítja meg az új élet lényeges vetületeit. Ebből a szempontból a 8,9–11 a szakasz legfontosabb tartalmi egysége.

Hóseás, a Kr. e. 8. századi próféta könyvének legismertebb metaforája az, amely révén a JHVH és Izráel népe viszonyát egy házassági kapcsolat formájában ábrázolja. Az istenség és népe közötti viszony házassági metaforával történő körülírása egyáltalán nem volt szokványos az ókori világban. A metafora hiányának az oka valószínűleg az, hogy az ókori közel-keleti istenségek általában férfi-női párként jelennek meg, azaz a férfi istenségnek mindenhol megvan a maga női párja, a felesége. Ehhez a női istenséghez kapcsolódtak általában az ember termékenységképzeteinek különböző vonatkozásai, mint az anyaméh termékenysége, vagy adott esetben a mezőgazdasági élettel kapcsolatos termékenység. A termékenységkultusznak ez a formája közelről ismert volt a kánaániak között is, vagyis azon a földrajzi területen, ahol az Ószövetség szerint Izráel népe telepedett le.

It is often argued that the sixteenth-century Reformation initiated a chain of events that ultimately led not only to religious pluralism within the body of the Western Christian Church, but also to the rise and dispersion of mutual acceptance among various religious groups. The fact, however, that these two things (i.e. religious pluralism and tolerance) did not emerge directly and immediately (almost as a matter of course) from the Reformation itself, is similarly undeniable. As we shall see below, we have sufficient evidence to claim that although the Reformers – including John Calvin, Theodore Beza and others, with whom this paper is partly concerned – at some point in their lives (mostly in their youth) advocated and invocated the cultivation of the spirit of tolerance, most of them refrained from upholding such positions once their situation as leaders within a newly emerged (both religious and political) community or realm became established.