Repository index

This paper was my MA thesis, and its topic is the reception of the teaching of the Church Fathers concerning the baptism in the 1559 edition of John Calvin’s Institutes. In this thesis, I try to unfold some of the factors that determined the way Calvin used the writings of the Church Fathers in formulating his doctrine of baptism. After presenting the patristic quotations related to the ‘theoretical’ theology of baptism, I will present the quotations and references that are related rather to the practice of baptism. Here I analyse the references regarding the doctrine of baptism coming from the Donatists, the problematic of emergency baptism and women’s right to baptize. Finally, I will present the references from Inst IV 16, dealing with infant baptism. In the last chapter of this study, I will try to summarize the conclusions of the research. I hope the reader will have a clearer image on Calvin’s use of the Church Fathers’ theological heritage on baptism in the Institutes.

Ismerve ezt a kort, a címet akár ellentmondásosnak is lehet tekinteni. Bethlen Gábor uralkodását szinte teljesen kitöltötte a harmincéves háború, aktívan vett részt benne, mégpedig a protestáns szövetség oldalán, és aki ismeri a harmincéves háború mindennapjait, az jól tudja, hogy akkor épp nem volt divat toleránsnak lenni. A korabeli gyakorlatot megcáfolva, Bethlen Gábor mégis toleráns volt nemcsak a római katolikus egyház, hanem a különféle más felekezetek, sőt kisebb vallási csoportosulások irányában is. Erre kötelezte őt az erdélyi gyakorlat és a józan ész.

Ez a tanulmány elsősorban azt igyekszik feltárni és kielemezni, hogy az első felelős magyar kormány milyen hatást gyakorolt az egyházi életre és a felekezetekre. Ehhez leginkább a Pesti Hírlap 1848-as számai használnak forrásként, mint amelyek írott és hiteles adatokat közölnek a korról.

It is often argued that the sixteenth-century Reformation initiated a chain of events that ultimately led not only to religious pluralism within the body of the Western Christian Church, but also to the rise and dispersion of mutual acceptance among various religious groups. The fact, however, that these two things (i.e. religious pluralism and tolerance) did not emerge directly and immediately (almost as a matter of course) from the Reformation itself, is similarly undeniable. As we shall see below, we have sufficient evidence to claim that although the Reformers – including John Calvin, Theodore Beza and others, with whom this paper is partly concerned – at some point in their lives (mostly in their youth) advocated and invocated the cultivation of the spirit of tolerance, most of them refrained from upholding such positions once their situation as leaders within a newly emerged (both religious and political) community or realm became established.