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Olyan társadalomban élünk, ahol a teológiának is utakat kell találni ahhoz, hogy reflexiója releváns legyen. Ez a tanulmány a munkamániára reflektál, ami a Covid-időszak utáni hibrid környezetben kialakult. Áttekinti a Barth–Brunner-vita lényegét. Bonhoeffer alapján fenntarthatónak ítéli a munka mandátumként értelmezését. Volf és Moltmann segítségével árnyalja azt, hogy hogyan lehet a munkáról mint az önmegvalósítás eszközéről beszélni. A „hivatás” fogalmának az értelemezhetősége is sokat változott a nagyon komplexszé vált társadalmi munkamegosztásban, de a teológusok útkeresése lehetőségeket jelent a relevancia fenntartására. A munka az imago Dei fontos aspektusa marad, de az élet több, mint munka!

În această cercetare, voi investiga natura umană. Abordarea acestei teme a fost influențată atât de un motiv direct, cât și de unul indirect. Motivul direct este reprezentat de contextul epidemiologic recent, în timp ce motivul indirect derivă din viața noastră bisericească în general, și mai ales din dimensiunea noastră teologică și liturgică. Am observat că întrebările și preocupările ridicate de mulți dintre noi nu sunt doar subiecte pentru discuții informale, ci necesită o analiză mai detaliată. Când folosesc termenul „noi”, mă refer la membrii laici și clerici ai Bisericii, care și-au exprimat diverse opinii și perspective în diferite contexte. Mai mult decât exprimarea acestor opinii, cred că este crucial să demarăm o investigație teologică specializată asupra naturii umane, ca punct de plecare pentru cercetări și analize ulterioare.

Theis paper analyses the concept of “imago Dei” based on the 6th answer of the Heidelberg Catechism. I chose this topic as it is one of the most controversial questions of systematic theology. If one browses through the dogmatic and ethical works written from the earliest period of Christianity to the most recent times, they will find a large variety of answers. All of these attempt to explain what the writer of Genesis meant by the expression na‘aśęh ’ ādām beṣalmenu kidemutenu. The Heidelberg Catechism deals with this topic in the 6th answer where the authors attested that God did not create the first human being godless and malicious. After stating that as a matter of fact, God created man according to his own image and likeness, the Catechism explains the term imago Dei in a twofold way: first, it seeks to define the inner content of the image and similitude of God, and secondly it expands upon the purpose of man given by God as the image of his creator within the creation.

Isa 7:14 is one of the most enigmatic texts of the Old Testament in which the traditional Christian exegesis has found the roots of the dogma of the virgin birth. It remains a question though whether this text indeed focuses on the female figure rathern than the son to be born. Following a brief survey of the recent state of research, in this article I address the question of the possible historical background of the text. Recent semantical investigations of the term עַלְמָה, often translated as ‘virgin’, show that neither עַלְמָה nor its synonym בְּתוּלָה imply any information about the eventual sexual experience of the named person. Both terms denote a young, unmarried woman. Regarding the identity of this woman there are four main theories: 1. the woman and his son are late eschatological figures conveying messianic messages; 2. the woman is the daughter of Zion and Immanuel is the people of Jerusalem. 3.

A Babilonba elhurcolt júdaiak életének egy-egy mozzanatát, szellemi kontextusát az Ószövetség is feljegyzi (pl. 2Kir 25,27-30; Zsolt 137; Jer 29; Ez; Ézs 40-55). Ezeket a bibliai forrásokat kiegészítik, adott esetben árnyalják, ám mindenképp új perspektívából világítják meg azok az újbabiloni szövegek, amelyek korábbi és újabb ásatások nyomán kerültek felszínre. Ebben a tanulmányban néhány olyan adminisztratív jellegű forrásszöveg magyar fordítását teszem közzé, amelyek a Júdából deportált lakosság életének, gondolkodásának rekonstrukciójában lehetnek a „babiloni fogság” iránt érdeklődő olvasó segítségére. Az itt közreadott fordítások alapszövegeinek egy része már régóta jelen van az idegen nyelvű tudományos diskurzusban. Másik része viszont az elmúlt egy-két évtizedben került – s ott is jobbára szórványosan – a figyelem központjába.

A tanulmány célja bemutatni az 1Móz 1,26-ban olvasható kijenetés (teremtsünk embert a mi képünkre és hasonlatosságunkra) héber és görög szövege közötti kapcsolatot.

Franz Bos személyét azért választottuk bemutatásra, mert esetében megtalálható a titkos rendőrség munkamódszerének valamennyi eleme: a szigorú határellenőrzéstől a részletes ügynöki jelentéseken, figyelmeztetésen és a több irányú technikai eszközalkalmazáson át egészen a nyomkövetésig.

The second half of the 20th century can be characterised by a consolidation of all state structures of the Communist Party. The most important institution in keeping the power was the Secret Police (Securitate), which exercised a strict control over the Churches, including the Hungarian Reformed Church. The Securitate was mostly interested in the foreign contacts of the church. After the Second World War the Reformed Church has kept its contacts with the Reformed Churches in Hungary, as well as with many other Western European churches from the former West Germany, Holland, Switzerland, etc. The Secret Police’s purpose was to gather as many information as possible about the different contacts, and to control the whole issue.

During the Communist regime, in the sixties of the 20th century, the Protestant Theological Seminary started the student exchange program with churches and institutions from the Western part of Europe, mainly the Dutch Reformed Churches. It was in 1968 when the first Dutch couple came to spend one study year in the Seminary. After them students have been arriving each year until the end of the eighties. Coming from a capitalist, “unfriendly” country, the Dutch students have always been watched at by the Securitate (Secret Police) very carefully. Many informers were recruited from among the Reformed pastors as well as seminary professors to control the whole study process of the foreigners. The documents included into this paper are perfect samples of how the Secret Police usually acted.