This thesis explores the ethical dimensions of sexuality and the question of gender identity, with a particular focus on the perception and treatment of homosexuality in both religious and societal contexts. Through an interdisciplinary approach – combining theology, ethics, law, psychology, and sociology – the research investigates how social, political, and ecclesiastical perspectives on homosexuality have evolved. Special attention is given to Christian denominations, especially the Unitarian Church, and the various interpretations of biblical texts related to same-sex relationships. The study draws on hermeneutical analysis, discourse analysis, and the examination of case studies such as church statements and Romanian legislative developments. By reflecting on historical, legal, and theological narratives, the thesis highlights how attitudes toward homosexuality are shaped not by fixed moral laws or biological facts, but by shifting cultural paradigms and institutional powers. The aim is not to close the debate, but to encourage continued dialogue by offering a nuanced understanding of the complex intersection between faith, identity, and human rights. Ultimately, the dissertation argues for a more inclusive and ethically sensitive engagement with questions of sexuality within religious communities and modern society.