The interpretation of christology in unitarian theology in the 16th–17th centuries

This thesis explores the Christological interpretations found in 16th–17th-century Unitarian theology, with a particular focus on how early Unitarian thinkers perceived the nature and role of Jesus Christ. The central research question asks whether Christ was understood merely as a moral teacher or rather as a divinely commissioned figure with spiritual authority. The study assumes that early Unitarian Christology was not only a rational theological construct but also a deeply held spiritual conviction grounded in faith. The main body of the thesis is structured around four theological focal points: the incarnation of Christ, the concept of atonement and redemption, the doctrine of justification, and the question of adoratio whether Christ should be worshipped. These themes serve as touchstones for evaluating the theological diversity and development within early Unitarian thought. The study demonstrates how the rejection of Trinitarian orthodoxy led to a reinterpretation of Christ’s role: from eternal divine being to moral exemplar and teacher empowered by divine wisdom. Through critical engagement with historical texts and modern scholarship, the thesis highlights the ways in which Unitarian theology navigated questions of divine justice, human freedom, original sin, and moral responsibility. It argues that early Unitarian Christology, while often shaped by rational and scriptural analysis, ultimately aimed to establish a spiritually meaningful relationship between the believer and Christ. The concluding chapter evaluates whether the findings support the original hypothesis, reflects on theological continuities within Unitarianism, and suggests future avenues for research. The thesis affirms that early Unitarian approaches to Christology offer valuable insights not only into theological history but also into contemporary reflections on the nature of faith, identity, and moral transformation.