Repozitórium index

Tineretul de astăzi se confruntă cu o criză a identității valorilor, fără a fi vinovat pentru aceasta. Cei responsabili de educația și îndrumarea lor, cum ar fi părinții, dascălii, clericii și îndrumătorii spirituali, și-au pierdut orientarea spirituală, preferând adesea siguranța în locul mântuirii. În societatea actuală, se observă o predominanță a răului explicată prin prisma mentalității evoluționiste susținute de știință. În acest context, cuvintele din Sfânta Scriptură și apelul către Dumnezeu par a fi fără rost. Răul este adesea redus la încălcări ale normelor etice, explicate printr-un raționalism care justifică urmarea pasiunilor personale. Abaterea de la calea corectă trasată de Părinții Bisericii, precursorii pedagogiei moderne, a dus la o pierdere a valorilor fundamentale ale creației divine. Este esențial să redescoperim fundamentul creștin al pedagogiei și orientarea spirituală pentru a remedia această situație.

16. század második felében a katekizáció több szinten és helyszínen történt. A családban történő oktatás tette le a keresztyén tanítás alapjait, ezt a korabeli egyház igencsak fontosnak tartotta részben a gyermekek oktatása, részben a szülők önképzése szempontjából. Ezzel párhuzamosan a gyülekezeti lelkész is végezte az oktatást, többnyire vasárnap délután a templomban, ahol részt vett az egész gyülekezet, nemcsak külön a gyermekek, munkájának tehát kettős haszna volt, eredményességét a vizitáció a gyermekek felkészültségén mérte le. A gyermekeknek különféle fórumokon kellett számot adniuk a megszerzett ismereteikről, külön kiemelt alkalom volt a szokásos esperesi vizitáció, amely a templomban megjelent gyülekezeti tagoknak is tehetett fel kérdéseket a kátéből. Tehát a katekizációból és a kikérdezésből nem maradtak ki a gyülekezet idősebb tagjai sem.

Franz Bos személyét azért választottuk bemutatásra, mert esetében megtalálható a titkos rendőrség munkamódszerének valamennyi eleme: a szigorú határellenőrzéstől a részletes ügynöki jelentéseken, figyelmeztetésen és a több irányú technikai eszközalkalmazáson át egészen a nyomkövetésig.

The second half of the 20th century can be characterised by a consolidation of all state structures of the Communist Party. The most important institution in keeping the power was the Secret Police (Securitate), which exercised a strict control over the Churches, including the Hungarian Reformed Church. The Securitate was mostly interested in the foreign contacts of the church. After the Second World War the Reformed Church has kept its contacts with the Reformed Churches in Hungary, as well as with many other Western European churches from the former West Germany, Holland, Switzerland, etc. The Secret Police’s purpose was to gather as many information as possible about the different contacts, and to control the whole issue.

During the Communist regime, in the sixties of the 20th century, the Protestant Theological Seminary started the student exchange program with churches and institutions from the Western part of Europe, mainly the Dutch Reformed Churches. It was in 1968 when the first Dutch couple came to spend one study year in the Seminary. After them students have been arriving each year until the end of the eighties. Coming from a capitalist, “unfriendly” country, the Dutch students have always been watched at by the Securitate (Secret Police) very carefully. Many informers were recruited from among the Reformed pastors as well as seminary professors to control the whole study process of the foreigners. The documents included into this paper are perfect samples of how the Secret Police usually acted.