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Apostle Paul and the Scriptures. An overview of current research and the price of progress. Among Dezső Kállay's biblical studies, the letters of the apostle Paul appear with special emphasis. Paul’s interpretation of the Scriptures was deeply rooted in the active Scriptural tradition of his era, not isolated in hermeneutical vacuum. The Scriptures represented not just the written text but also its interpretation, thus the Israelites’ faith was likened to both a solid foundation and spiritual sustenance, as they “drank from the spiritual rock” (1 Cor 10:4). This study aims to map the key research trajectories concerning Paul’s citations of the Bible. It begins by addressing fundamental issues within accepted consensuses, then evaluates the current state of research, informed by the six-year efforts of the Paul and Scripture Seminar under the Society of Biblical Literature and its two resultant publications. We may conclude that we know more and less at the same time.

A Deut 32,24-et nagyon gyakran úgy tekintik, mint az izraeli vallásban továbbélő, politeista elemek monoteizmus előtti vallástörténeti kövületét. Ennek megfelelően a 24. versben előforduló „dögvész” és „járvány” kifejezéseket a kánaáni Resef és Qeteb istenségek vagy természetfeletti erők (görög eredetű szóval démonok) megtestesítőinek tartják. Feltűnő azonban, hogy a két említett főnév a Deut 32,24–25-ben JHVH hét nyila között jelenik meg, ahol öt minden kétséget kizáróan megszemélyesített jelenség, és nem démon vagy istennév. Valószínűleg a „dögvész” és a „járvány” is ehhez hasonlóan jelenik meg. A Deut 32,24 nem démontant, vagy politeisztikus képzetet tartalmaz, hanem benne az irodalmi pogányság jelenik meg.

The spiritual atmosphere can be pure and impure, life nourishing or stifling. The physical atmosphere can also be pure or polluted, life nourishing or stifling. In this context pure air means the abundance of man’s physical living conditions, the pureness and the absence of harm in the whole ecological system, ensuring man’s living space. It also means the balance, which has to exist between the food- and energy resources of our planet for the daily needs of its 7 billion inhabitants. There is a highly tense struggle going on for clean air, habitable earth in ecological as well as economic aspects. Our thesis: it is significant in which spiritual medium this battle takes place. The mere spiritual medium can contribute towards the solution of the problems, which the more and more polluted physical and economic climate brings about.