Repozitórium index

Rezumând atitudinea terapeuților față de bunăstare, putem constata că această comunitate a ridicat la un nivel atât de înalt valorile spirituale, încât a ignorat absolut tot ce aparține vieții zilnice obișnuite. Ei s-au străduit la înmulțirea bo-găției înțelepciunii (par. 16–17, 20) și a valorilor spirituale. În rândul acestei co-munități meditațiile asupra Sfintelor Scripturi, a cărților sfinte proprii, precum și asupra înțelepciunii dumnezeiești (par. 1, 28–30, 67) sunt absolut primordiale, din care rezultă retragerea din lume și disprețuirea totală a bogăției pământești.

Allegorikus bibliamagyarázata keretében Alexandriai Philón néhány alkalommal az Isten emberét állítja az olvasó elé. Az ἄνθρωπος [τοῦ] θεοῦ megnevezés megtalálható a Septuaginta jó néhány szövegében, többnyire próféták, illetve olyan jeles bibliai alakok jelölésére, mint Mózes vagy Dávid. Philón azonban kevés alkalommal támaszkodik ezekre a szakaszokra, minden bizonnyal azért, mert a Pentateuchost magyarázza, miközben az „Isten embere” cím főleg a deuteronomisztikus és a krónikás történeti műben fordul elő. Ugyanakkor néha érintőlegesen utalást tesz ezekre a szövegekre is. Azonban az allegorikus-etikai magyarázat keretében és a platóni–sztoikus filozófiai eszmék hatására Philónnál a fogalom új jelentésekkel bővül. A következőkben röviden áttekintem az „Isten embere” fogalom használatát a Septuagintában. Ezt követően rátérek néhány philóni szövegre, ahol az ἄνθρωπος θεοῦ fogalom szerepel, és megvizsgálom annak jelentéseit.

The spiritual atmosphere can be pure and impure, life nourishing or stifling. The physical atmosphere can also be pure or polluted, life nourishing or stifling. In this context pure air means the abundance of man’s physical living conditions, the pureness and the absence of harm in the whole ecological system, ensuring man’s living space. It also means the balance, which has to exist between the food- and energy resources of our planet for the daily needs of its 7 billion inhabitants. There is a highly tense struggle going on for clean air, habitable earth in ecological as well as economic aspects. Our thesis: it is significant in which spiritual medium this battle takes place. The mere spiritual medium can contribute towards the solution of the problems, which the more and more polluted physical and economic climate brings about.

Ebben a jellemzésben is felfedezhetjük, hogy a törvény szerinti élet, a földi javak megvetése és az elkülönülés, valamint az Istennek szolgáló életvitel együvé tartoznak. A papi, elit jellegű terapeuta létmód pedig az Istenhez menekülés sajátos formája.

Kurt Jakob Rüetschi megemlékezik Tőkés István református teológusról.

Psalm-singing in the Community of Therapeutae Based on De vita contemplativa by Philo of Alexandria. The Therapeutae’s ascetic devotion is characterized not only by searching the scriptures, meditation and prayer but also by singing of hymns and psalms. Hymns were composed by the principals of the community, they were those who taught the community members to sing them and they continually enriched the hymnal with new ones. The Essenes’ and Therapeutae’s psalm-singing indicates first of all the common Old Testament origin. However these religious communities had different self-identity from that of the normative Jews and this identity required for a special psalm-poetry to be accomplished. The Therapeutae’s psalms remind us of the church psalm-tradition characterized, just like the Essene hymns, by responsive singing and refrains.