Repozitórium index

Textele sacre conțin pasaje și revelații care ne poziționează în zona limitelor cunoașterii noastre și ne confruntă cu întrebări inconfortabile. Cât de mult putem înțelege despre acțiunile divine? Când recunoaștem că cunoștințele noastre, hermeneutica noastră meticuloasă, logica noastră bine calibrată și chiar dogmele credinței noastre ating punctul lor final? Un exemplu notabil în acest sens îl reprezintă 1 Petru 3:18–22. De-a lungul istoriei, acest pasaj a fost asociat cu mai multe texte din Noul Testament, iar pentru a înțelege mai bine sensul său original, este necesar să deslușim aceste conexiuni și să ajungem la firul inițial care rămâne distinct și recunoscut în cadrul întregii țesături. În această explorare, ne propunem să urmăm acest fir și să cercetăm posibile interpretări și explicații, pornind de la trei între-bări esențiale: Cine sunt aceste duhuri? Despre ce a predicat Isus în cazul lor? Când a avut loc această întâlnire misterioasă?

A keresztyén kegyesség gyakorlatának helyes szemlélete és megértése a keresztyén élet nélkülözhetetlen része. Ennek megítélése más és más hangsúllyal, fókusszal jelent meg a keresztyén egyház korszakaiban, amelynek oka nem csupán abban keresendő, hogy az egyházban eltérő kegyességgyakorlatok honosodnak meg a különböző időszakokban. A kegyesség gyakorlata ugyanis minden vonatkozásban narratív és interpretativ funkciót tölt be. Narratív abban a tekintetben, hogy keretet ad a keresztyén ember önértelmezésének. Interpretativ abban a vonatkozásban, hogy nem önmagában áll meg, hanem egyrészt a keresztyén tanítás reflexiójaként jelenik meg, másrészt aktualizálásának mozzanata. A reformátori megszentelődésről szóló tanítás különösképpen is meghatározó a keresztyén kegyesség gyakorlatának kontextualizálásában. A tanulmány a keresztyén egyház egy igen meghatározó időszakára összpontosítva kíséri nyomon a megszentelődésről szóló tanítást.

Miklós Telegdi, a Roman Catholic bishop of the reformation period, was an important figure of his generation. The confessional guide of his Agendarius, first published in 1583 in nagyszombat (Trnava, now in Slovakia), is particular as to its structure and content. in Hungary, this is the first penitential guide that was written in a unique style, including vernacular parts and containing exhortations in a large number. The confessional includes a text discussing the strict obligation on the seal of confession as well as a confession mirror which, according to its genre, is a tool of individual self-examination. In my paper, I attempt to answer the question whether Telegdi’s confessional guide is only unique from a national point of view or also in a wider, international context.

The Disputation of Pécs (Pécsi Disputa) by György Válaszúti is a unique segment of 16th-century antitrinitarian literature. Since pécs was occupied by the Ottoman empire, Christians had to live by strict rules. They had to live outside the city walls, and they could only use one church. The dispute is a chronicle of a religious debate between the reformed citizens of tolna and the antitrinitarian citizens of Pécs.

Isa 8:16 is considered a key reference regarding the formation of the book of Isaiah and the role of prophetic disciples in this process. This article argues, however, that originally this verse had a more limited significance. The instruction to which v. 16 refers is to be identified with vv. 12-15 rather than an early ‘book’ of Isaiah. The expression ‘the instructed ones’ (of YHWH rather than the prophet) is applied to the prophet’s audience. This term reflects Isaiah’s characteristic view of prophesying as an act of instruction and prophecy as a form of teaching, and it does not presuppose the existence of any prophetic school. The view that sealing the instruction would allude to preserving prophetic teaching for the posterity is discounted here in favour of understanding the symbolic act as a metaphor from the legal sphere refering to authentication, with no inherent temporal significance.

In studies on the composition of prophetic literature, the larger textual layers reinterpreting earlier texts, the so-called Fortschreibungen, received much attention. It is well-known that beside these larger literary elaborations prophetic books also contain shorter explanatory interpolations, often called glosses, which intend to clarify a particular imagery of the prophecy (e.g., Isa 9:14). A systematic reading of these short annotations has been neglected, however, in studying the formation of prophetic books. The present article reconsiders the Isaiah-Memoir from this perspective. It identifies editorial interpolations in three distinct pericopes, Isa 8:2, 8:6-7a and 8:23b. It is argued here that the identification of such explanatory additions is the key to understanding notorious textual complexities. Moreover, it points out that these interpolations tend to expose recognisable patterns and common hermeneutical principles.

Az 1Pt 3,18–24 perikópa rengeteg gondot okozott és okoz ma is az exegétáknak. Ez a rövid szövegrész olyan témát érint, amely kijelentésében egyedi az Újszövetségben, tartalmában pedig rengeteg vallástörténeti, ószövetségi és intertestamentális vonatkozású gondolatot érint, és mindezek mellett még a kezdődő dogmafejlődés is fontos szerepet kap értelmezésében.

A kutatók többsége korábban amellett érvelt, hogy az 1Pt 3,18–22-ben a szentíró egy Krisztus-himnusz vagy egy keresztelési himnusz elemeit használta fel az 1Tim 3,16, illetve a Fil 2,6–11 mintájára. Többen is megkísérelték rekonstruálni a himnusz szövegét. A legismertebb hipotetikus szöveg Rudolf Bultmann leleménye, aki voltaképpen a levél és főként a szakasz hitvallásszerű vagy annak érzékelt elemeit ollózta össze. Az exegéták a tekintetben maximálisan egyetértenek, hogy a textus rendkívül homályos és problematikus. Minthogy nem világos a kapcsolat a vers tartalma és a közvetlen kontextus között, nehéz eldönteni, hogy mi lehetett a szerzői szándék.