Repozitórium index

Jézus alázatosságának a hangsúlyozása – a „mindenható” Istenre való hivatkozások mintegy ellenpontjaként – a közelmúlt teológiai gondolkodásának is meghatározó eleme volt.

It is a challenge to the Reformed Church in Erdély to become really Reformed: reformed according to the beginnings and sources of Christian life and thought. That means: developing a lifestyle of love and care sustained by prayer and intercession, living as foreigners, – foreigners, not due to political decisions of the past, but due to a much more fundamental decision of the Lord to make Christians heirs of a heavenly kingdom, with a citizenship in heaven. I am very well aware that it will be very hard to accomplish this new U-turn.

It is often argued that the sixteenth-century Reformation initiated a chain of events that ultimately led not only to religious pluralism within the body of the Western Christian Church, but also to the rise and dispersion of mutual acceptance among various religious groups. The fact, however, that these two things (i.e. religious pluralism and tolerance) did not emerge directly and immediately (almost as a matter of course) from the Reformation itself, is similarly undeniable. As we shall see below, we have sufficient evidence to claim that although the Reformers – including John Calvin, Theodore Beza and others, with whom this paper is partly concerned – at some point in their lives (mostly in their youth) advocated and invocated the cultivation of the spirit of tolerance, most of them refrained from upholding such positions once their situation as leaders within a newly emerged (both religious and political) community or realm became established.

In this short paper I would like to provide a comparative analysis of the passages concerning the passion of the Lord Jesus Christ of the Early Christian confessions (among them the Apostolic Creed1 as well), because these passages are frequently the source of theological misunderstanding and debates. The main question which urged me to do this research had occurred in relation with the Apostolic Creed. How do we say correctly: ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’ or ‘I believe in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord: Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered, under Pontius Pilate He was crucified, died, and was buried; He descended into hell…’? I shall try to answer this question by analysing the relevant passages of the creeds which were composed in the first six centuries.

Melanchton is usually considered as both a Humanist and a Reformer. Many of the books and studies written about him present him as a theologian. It is also worthwhile studying the Humanist intellectual components of his personality, since, after all, a great proportion of his works are ones which present him as a deep thinking, through intellectual, writing with sublime eloquence.

Napjainkban is égető kérdés, hogy mi a szabadság. A szolgaság a rabság ellentéte volna? Az Újszövetség viszont világosan tükrözi, hogy Jézus Krisztus viszonylagossá tette a szabadságot, illetve a rabságot. Az ember mindig valakinek vagy valaminek a rabja; illetve: szabad valakitől vagy valamitől. Aki rabja a bűnnek, az „szabad” az igazságtól, a világ Isten akarata szerinti rendjétől. Ez a szabadság kétes értékű, ugyanis az egészséges gondolkozásmód minden emberi magatartást gyümölcseiből ítél meg.

A krisztológia mindig az egyház hitét fejezte ki. Mondd meg kinek tartod Krisztust, és megmondom ki vagy – hangzik a sommás, de kanonikus mérceként működő kijelentés. A mérce azonban az Ige, a Szentírás és az abból jól megértett credo Krisztusra vonatkozó állításai. Minden kor találkozik a keresztyén hit lényegét megkérdőjelező tanításokkal, ezért is aktuális ma kitekintenünk a hitvalló református ősök vitáira. A liberális teológia nem tudott mit kezdeni Krisztussal, csak történeti Jézusról beszélt, az inkarnációt elképzelhetetlennek tartotta és a feltámadást pedig elfogadhatatlannak ítélte az ész talaján. E három gondolatot kívánja bemutatni e tanulmány a kortárs források alapján.

In this article we shortly introduce T. S. Eliot, noting some major themes he addresses, particularly in relation to religious faith and the search for meaning in life. In the second and third sections our article concentrates on the 1934 church pageant, called ‘The Rock’. This drama was only published once and is hard to find. However, the poetry Eliot included in the drama, called ‘Choruses from The Rock’, have been reprinted and included in various volumes so that these are readily available. But among those people who have read some or all of the ten Choruses from The Rock, very few have ever found a copy of the play in which these poems were situated.1 We present quotations from the ten choruses, with a few annotations at times concerning the context. In the fourth section we look at various aspects of Eliot’s Christology as found in The Rock.

Biztos-e, hogy Isten mindig a bennünket legégetőbben foglalkoztató kérdésekről akar velünk társalogni? Jóbot szenvedései poklában a legkevésbé sem érdekelte sem a fiastyúk az égen, sem az a fura strucc, sem a víziló csodás páncélzata – Isten mégis furcsamód ezekről beszél neki ahelyett, hogy a nagy miértjeire válaszolna...

This volume contains selected papers from the broader field of History of Christian Doctrines, and more specifically from Patristics and Reformation studies, but also from the border between them. Most of them were written in the academic year 2014-2015, during my MA studies in the field of Patristics at the Theological University of the (vrijgemaakt) Reformed Churches in the Netherlands, in Kampen. The main topic of the MA programme was the Baptism in the Early Church, therefore the most of these papers presents various aspects of this question. In the following few paragraphs I will present short summary of each paper from this volume.

Ez a doktori dolgozat csupán az Institutio 1559-es kiadásának a szabad akaratról szóló fejezeteiben fellelhető Khrüszosztomosz-idézetekkel foglalkozik, és igyekszik kideríteni, milyen teológiai szempontokat, vagy akár érdekeket akart érvényesíteni Kálvin, amikor ezekben a fejezetekben megfogalmazta az antiókhiai teológiai iskola emlőin nevelkedett pátriárka szabad akarattal kapcsolatos tanításáról alkotott véleményét.

Deși Catehismul a ajuns până la noi din trecut, prin încărcătura sa ideatică, el este extrem de actual, prezența sa este extrem de necesară în dezbaterile metafizice și ideologice din contemporaneitate. Problema „apartenenței” credinciosului, așa cum ne-o prezintă Catehismul, nu este una pur teologică, valabilă exclusiv întrun anumit cadru religios și confesional de discuție, ci ea vizează, cu maximă gravitate, omul și condiția sa aici și acum, propunându-și să ne pună în gardă cu privire la pericolele grave care pândesc existența umană. Cea mai mare amenințare pentru om este omul însuși, cu modul său defectuos de gândire.