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Our thesis examines the discourse of the Apostolic Fathers concerning the death of Jesus Christ from both linguistic-stylistic and theological perspectives. Special attention is given to the rhetorical structure, conceptual vocabulary, and historical-contextual background of the texts. The thesis does not aim to formulate dogmatic conclusions but rather to explore how the event of Jesus Christ’s death is represented in the writings of the Apostolic Fathers, particularly in terms of temporal designation, soteriological interpretation, and rhetorical emphasis. The study offers a detailed analysis of key passages from Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, and Polycarp of Smyrna, as well as from the Epistle of Barnabas and The Shepherd of Hermas. Furthermore, it addresses the testimony found in the Epistle to Diognetus and eucharistic passages. The research is based on a comparative exegesis of the texts in their Hungarian and Greek versions.

A dolgozat az apostoli atyák Jézus Krisztus halálával kapcsolatos beszédmódját vizsgálja nyelvi-stilisztikai, illetve teológiai szempontból, különös figyelemmel a szövegek retorikai szerkezetére, fogalmi készletére és történeti-tartalmi kontextusára. A dolgozat nem dogmatikai konklúziók megfogalmazására törekszik, hanem arra, hogy feltárja, miként jelenik meg Jézus Krisztus halálának eseménye az apostoli atyák írásaiban, különösen az idői meghatározás, a szoteriológiai értelmezés és a retorikai hangsúlyok tükrében. A dolgozat részletesen elemzi többek között Római Kelemen, Antiochiai Ignác, Szmirnai Polikárp, valamint a Barnabás-levél és Hermász Pásztorának releváns szakaszait, továbbá kitér a Diognétosz-levél és az eucharisztikus szövegrészek tanúságtételére is. A kutatás alapjául a magyar és görög nyelvű szövegek összevetése és exegézise szolgál.

Isa 8:16 is considered a key reference regarding the formation of the book of Isaiah and the role of prophetic disciples in this process. This article argues, however, that originally this verse had a more limited significance. The instruction to which v. 16 refers is to be identified with vv. 12-15 rather than an early ‘book’ of Isaiah. The expression ‘the instructed ones’ (of YHWH rather than the prophet) is applied to the prophet’s audience. This term reflects Isaiah’s characteristic view of prophesying as an act of instruction and prophecy as a form of teaching, and it does not presuppose the existence of any prophetic school. The view that sealing the instruction would allude to preserving prophetic teaching for the posterity is discounted here in favour of understanding the symbolic act as a metaphor from the legal sphere refering to authentication, with no inherent temporal significance.

In studies on the composition of prophetic literature, the larger textual layers reinterpreting earlier texts, the so-called Fortschreibungen, received much attention. It is well-known that beside these larger literary elaborations prophetic books also contain shorter explanatory interpolations, often called glosses, which intend to clarify a particular imagery of the prophecy (e.g., Isa 9:14). A systematic reading of these short annotations has been neglected, however, in studying the formation of prophetic books. The present article reconsiders the Isaiah-Memoir from this perspective. It identifies editorial interpolations in three distinct pericopes, Isa 8:2, 8:6-7a and 8:23b. It is argued here that the identification of such explanatory additions is the key to understanding notorious textual complexities. Moreover, it points out that these interpolations tend to expose recognisable patterns and common hermeneutical principles.