Ószövetség

Tracing the Pre-Massoretic text of the Book of Habakkuk

The Book of Habakkuk is well-known for using a very sophisticated language in terms of semantics, poetics, or rhetorical structure, causing tremendous difficulties to later interpreters, both ancient and modern. For this reason, from a diachronic perspective, textual deviations from the canonical Massoretic tradition could be mere relics of the perplexity of confused translators or scribes.

Ugarit és az Ószövetség

Megjegyzések két kultúra összehasonlításának módszertanához

Az ugariti szövegek 1928-as felfedezése hatalmas szenzáció volt az 20. század első felében. Nemcsak egy nyugat-sémi kultúra írásos, szellemi örökségét fedezték fel Rasz Samra törmelékei alatt, hanem a vallásos szövegek istennevei a legnagyobb mértékig megegyeztek az ÓSZ-ben Jhwh mellett olvasható istennevekkel. Az ÓSZ-ből ismert „kánaáni” istenek, hirtelen megelevenedtek mítoszok, eposzok, rituálék és más kultikus szövegek ékírásos agyagtábláin. Nem maradhatott el a tudományos ováció, amely röviddel a felfedezés után Mezopotámia helyett Ugarit felé fordította figyelmét.

Rain, dew, flourishing plants as images of monolatry and righteousness

The weather imagery and its meaning in Hosea

Weather imagery plays a major role in Hosea. Hosea 2 recalls the image of an unfaithful wife; Hosea 4:2–3 describes the withering of the land; in 6:3; 10:12; 14:6, the several types of precipitation draw attention to the utterance of YHWH or the requested righteousness; in 9:10.13.16; 10:1; 13:5; 14:6.8, Israel is symbolised by different plants that blossom and wither, depending on their relation to Yhwh. In all of these instances, weather phenomena contribute to these images.

Reconsidering Habakkuk 1:8

This study argues that the phrase פָּרָשָׁיו וּפָרָשָׁיו should be emended to פָּרָשָׁיו וּפָרְשׂוּ, "their horses (or: horsemen) swarm out (or: spread out)". This reading is indirectly supported by some of the ancient witnesses (LXX and 1QpHab) and is better suited to its context than the Massoretic version.

Review of Charlesworth, James H. (ed.), The Unperceived Continuity of Isaiah. Jewish and Christian Texts in Contexts and Related Studies 28. London: T&T Clark, 2019

This collection of studies going back to a conference held in 2015 in Jerusalem aims to show that there is a clear continuity of the Isaianic tradition beyond the era of the eighth-century prophet. In comparison to other books of the Old Testament, Isaiah has been one of exceptional influence throughout the centuries. The ten essay included here underline this statement from various perspectives, dealing with the reception history of Isaiah in different periods. Below I present a short overview of its content with several remarks appended to each study.

Review of Oskar Dangl, Das Buch Habakuk. Neuer Stuttgarter Kommentar - Altes Testament 25/1. Stuttgart: Bibelwerk, 2014

Writing a commentary with one eye for critical issues and with another for interested lay readers with no knowledge of biblical languages is always a demanding task, but it becomes an almost impossible undertaking in a case such as the book of Habakkuk, insofar as most problems of this controversial small composition are closely tied to (Hebrew) textuality.

Survival of the Fittest

Habakkuk and the Changing Trail of the Prophetic Tradition

In Jeremiah 28, there is a dispute between the prophets Jeremiah and Hananiah over the (il)legitimacy of prophecies of salvation concerning Judah and prophecies of judgement regarding Babylon. On the eve of Jerusalem’s fall to the Babylonians, the prophet Jeremiah, who proclaims judgement on Judah at the hands of Babylon, appears to be the true, genuine, canonical voice of God.

Schöpfung und Geburt

Anthropologische Begrifflichkeit in Psalm 139,13-16

According to Gen 1, the “classical” story of the origin of humanity, God began and finished the creation of man on the sixth day. In this view, creation is a one-time divine act dated to the dawn of history. Psalm 139,13-16 provides an alternative concept regarding human origins. The ideas permeating this Psalm are less widespread in the Bible, and they were far less influential for later theological works than the classical biblical accounts of creation. Nonetheless, these anthropological notions appear to be firmly rooted in folk religion.

Samária „nemzeti” vallása a királyság korában

Az északi országrész, Izráel nemzeti vallásának rekonstrukciója korlátokba ütközik. Az északi szövegeket déli recenziójukban vették fel az Ószövetségbe, és lépten- nyomon észrevehető egy erős polémia az izráeli vallási megnyilvánulásokkal szemben. A deuteronomista mozgalom óta minden nem Jeruzsálemben lejátszódott kultuszt illegitimnek tekintenek, és azt retrospektív beledolgozták a szövegekbe is. Azonban még így is felsejlik az eredeti vallás kontúrja.