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This thesis explores the concept of the immortality of the soul within the framework of Unitarian theology, integrating philosophical, theological, and contemporary scientific perspectives. Drawing upon both classical philosophical traditions and Christian theological reflections, the study investigates how the belief in the soul’s continuity after death has evolved and how it is interpreted today, particularly within Unitarian religious thought. The dissertation adopts an interdisciplinary and hermeneutical approach, with a particular emphasis on the existential and ethical implications of the doctrine of immortality. Rooted in the dignity of human reason and moral development, Unitarian theology emphasizes a rational faith dialogue over rigid dogma. The research highlights how this theological tradition addresses the question of immortality not merely as a metaphysical hypothesis but as a deeply human concern shaped by grief, hope, and the longing for transcendence.

Our thesis examines the discourse of the Apostolic Fathers concerning the death of Jesus Christ from both linguistic-stylistic and theological perspectives. Special attention is given to the rhetorical structure, conceptual vocabulary, and historical-contextual background of the texts. The thesis does not aim to formulate dogmatic conclusions but rather to explore how the event of Jesus Christ’s death is represented in the writings of the Apostolic Fathers, particularly in terms of temporal designation, soteriological interpretation, and rhetorical emphasis. The study offers a detailed analysis of key passages from Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, and Polycarp of Smyrna, as well as from the Epistle of Barnabas and The Shepherd of Hermas. Furthermore, it addresses the testimony found in the Epistle to Diognetus and eucharistic passages. The research is based on a comparative exegesis of the texts in their Hungarian and Greek versions.

This thesis explores the Christological interpretations found in 16th–17th-century Unitarian theology, with a particular focus on how early Unitarian thinkers perceived the nature and role of Jesus Christ. The central research question asks whether Christ was understood merely as a moral teacher or rather as a divinely commissioned figure with spiritual authority. The study assumes that early Unitarian Christology was not only a rational theological construct but also a deeply held spiritual conviction grounded in faith. The main body of the thesis is structured around four theological focal points: the incarnation of Christ, the concept of atonement and redemption, the doctrine of justification, and the question of adoratio whether Christ should be worshipped. These themes serve as touchstones for evaluating the theological diversity and development within early Unitarian thought.